Modeling and simulation of a wetland park: An application to Keoladeo National Park, India

Abstract

In this paper, three mathematical models are proposed and analyzed to study the degradation and conservation of a wetland park. The first model describes the interaction of bird populations with the good biomass. The interaction is considered to be Crowley–Martin type. The good biomass is the cumulative densities of floating vegetation, fishes, waterfowl and other useful species. The model is further extended to study the effect of bad biomass such as Paspalum distichum on the dynamics of the previous system. The Paspalum distichum is a wild grass which depletes the level of oxygen in the open water bodies affecting severely the good biomass and consequently the bird populations. The carrying capacity of bad biomass is one of the most vital parameter. Keeping the low value of the carrying capacity, one can maintain the ‘good health’ of the park. At the situation of ‘bad health’ of the park, some efforts are needed to control the bad biomass. Hence the second model is again extended to control the growth of bad biomass and to maintain the good biomass and the bird populations at an appropriate level. In each case, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results. These models suggest to control the bad biomass in an efficient manner and to maintain the eco-system of the wetland park.