Applications of Nano-Biotechnological Approaches in Diagnosis and Protection of Wheat Diseases

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major staple food crop, plays a crucial role in food security, and is grown on an area of 221.6 million hectares (Mha) in multi-environments throughout the globe. Annual wheat production was recorded at 778.6 million metric tons in the years 2020–2021. Regardless of the abundant growth of wheat, people are facing food crises in some parts of the world because of the unavailability of food grains. The ever-growing population of the world is creating a new challenge for farmers and researchers. By the year 2050, the global need for agricultural products will have risen by 50%. To make it more challenging, biotic and abiotic factors become constant reasons for wheat yield losses. Continuously, the wheat crop suffers from a plethora of diseases (pests, insects, fungi, and bacteria). To deal with the challenges given above and meet future food needs, there is a strong need for new and cutting-edge technologies that can keep wheat farming sustainable and boost wheat production from current cropping systems and changing climates.