Parametric Optimization of FDM Process for Fabricating High-Strength PLA Parts

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that can be 3D printed to develop various complex shape parts for industrial use. However, achieving higher tensile strength in 3D-printed PLA parts is challenging. In the present work, the tensile properties of 3D-printed PLA have been analyzed using the Taguchi method. The tensile samples were 3D printed using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology using different variable parameters—layer heights (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm), nozzle speeds (5, 10, and 15 mm s−1), and infill patterns (line, zig-zag and concentric). The tensile testing was accomplished following the test standard ASTM D-638. The study revealed that the tensile strength of 3D-printed samples largely depends on the density of the samples. The tensile strength of sample 7 (layer height–0.6 mm, nozzle speed–5 mm s−1, and infill pattern—concentric) was found 54.437 MPa, which is the highest among the developed samples, whereas the extension in sample 6 (layer height–0.4 mm, nozzle speed–15 mm s−1, and infill pattern—line) was 13.19% which is the highest among all the 3D-printed samples.