Futuristic aspect of nanocarriers on targeted delivery for dementia

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Analysis conducted over the past 20 years has shown that macromolecules accumulating in the brain known as Amyloid-β (Aβ) are fundamentally responsible for the chronic effects of the disease. Amyloid-β builds up in the brain, forming plaques, and clumps that block neuronal signaling and break down the connections between neurons. Many researchers have been looking at the involvement of tau, a protein that causes the production of “neurofibrillary tangles” in the brain, which is another signal of neuronal death. Proteolytic therapies for AD are one of the novel strategies where the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is selectively initiating protein degradation within the cell. In this novel approach, these techniques are small-molecule PROTACs peptide, TH006, and Neprilysin-2 (NEP-2). The traditional drug delivery technologies confront difficulties in targeting specific parts of the brain. For drug discovery and development in order to make medications more effective in the brain and to have a specific action. The first line of defense for the brain is the blood–brain barrier, which is followed by the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. These membranes are more than just barriers; they also serve as selectively permeable membranes, allowing particular molecules to invade the brain. These mechanisms all operate as impediments to effective drug delivery in the brain. As a result, improved strategies for facilitating the administration of such medications in the brain must be developed. Nanotechnology is now playing an important role in research, with a large number of nanoparticles intended to deliver drugs to specific target areas. Liposomes, dendrimers, microneedles, polymeric nanoparticles, and other nanoparticles are examples. Antibody-coated nanoparticles are a novel strategy to treating AD in the nanosystem.