Vulnerability and Resilience of Sorghum to Changing Climatic Conditions: Lessons from the Past and Hope for the Future

Abstract

Climate change poses a serious threat to crop productivity. The rise in CO2 levels, air temperature, soil salinity and variability in precipitation are the key factors that contribute to yield loss. Sorghum stands in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. A comprehensive assessment of its vulnerability and resilience is required to adopt appropriate mitigation strategies. Here, we provide an overview of the projected and observed impact of the rise in temperature, CO2, salinity, drought and flooding stress on plant physiology, growth and development, and overall productivity of sorghum. While an increase in CO2 has been projected to enhance sorghum yields, a decrease in precipitation along with temperature rise would negatively impact sorghum productivity. Although sorghum is moderately tolerant to salinity and waterlogging, screening of germplasm for selection of improved varieties and development of tolerant cultivars is necessary for superior performance. The best agricultural practices, technological advances, and genetic enhancement desirable to mitigate the impact of climate change on sorghum productivity have been discussed.