Analysis of multi-renewable energy potential sites in india using spatial characteristics: a gis and hybrid MCDM approach

Abstract

Land use and site selection are critical factors in the sustainable installation of large-scale renewable energy projects at a significant scale to accomplish the global goals of promoting renewable energy adoption and fostering a cleaner and more sustainable future. To systematically investigate, the present study developed a geographical information system (GIS)–multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) comprehensive framework to evaluate the spatial characteristics of suitable sites in India. Subsequently, the study identified prominent potential sites and states with abundant renewable resources and assessed the pre-feasibility of renewable power projects. Utilizing the developed framework and analysis, the study identified eight solar sites and seven wind sites as prominent potential locations. Furthermore, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu were identified as states with substantial renewable energy potential, and their renewable energy policies were discussed. The study also conducted case studies on two notable sites, Virudhunagar (S26) and Tirunelveli (W34), in Tamil Nadu, evaluating their technological and economic viability. The levelized cost of energy for solar and wind energy at these sites was determined to be $0.035/kWh and $0.039/kWh, respectively, which is comparable to, and lower than, the costs associated with existing projects. The study emphasizes the significance of incorporating spatial characteristics of suitable sites and evaluating their techno-economic repercussions to ascertain the triumph of the endeavor.