New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Abstract

Increasing population, industrialization, globalization, and expanding economy throughout the world have led to the increased consumption of various consumer goods, of which, plastics contribute a large proportion. Due to properties such as low cost, ease of manufacturing, hydrophobicity, inertness, and durability, plastic goods have become an integral part of the daily routine of all human beings. Various types of plastics contribute to different applications, such as in carry-bags, containers, bottles, pipes, tubing, cable, rope, flooring, furniture, and so on. However, the demand for plastics has outpaced efficient disposal practices causing increased accumulation in landfills and water bodies. The accumulated plastic waste releases toxic compounds such as dioxins and furans, which are potent carcinogens and can cause serious health issues, including neurological disorders, disruption of the endocrine system, and infertility. In addition, both land and aquatic animals mistakenly consume plastic wastes. Hence, proper disposal strategies need to be practiced without the release of any harmful chemicals. Biodegradation can prove to be helpful, as the products of the reaction are completely harmless and contribute to the biogeochemical cycle of the Earth. In this chapter, we discuss the various types of plastics, their disposal practices, and the ability of microorganisms to consume plastics as a sole carbon source, leading to their degradation via aerobic or anaerobic pathways.