Identification of an isoflavone glycoside hydrolyzing-glucosidase in the seeds of the desert legume Prosopis cineraria

Abstract

Legumes, in general, are rich in glycosidicisoflavone conjugates, wherebyspecific β-glucosidases act to release the free aglycones that could serve in plant-microbe interactions and defense. Prosopis cineraria is an important legume tree, bearing medicinally useful and edible pods, generally growing in extreme arid/semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. However, specific phytochemical-cum-metabolic profiles are lacking for the same. Therefore, the present investigation undertook phytochemical and metabolic screening of the pods/seeds of P. cineraria for the presence of putative isoflavonoids viz. genistein and daidzein, their glycosides and β-glucosidase(s) capable of catalyzing the glycoside hydrolysis. Extraction and identification of these two aglycone forms of the above isoflavonoids were performed with solvent partition chromatography and Fluorescent/High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of the isoflavone conjugate-specific β-glucosidase activity with respect to pH optima, temperature and time were carried out. The partially purified enzyme showed a temperature optima of 50°C and pH optima of 4.5. The enzyme also demonstrated activity towards natural substrates daidzin and genistin which are glycosides of isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein respectively. The methanolic extracts of the seeds of P. cineraria indicated the presence of related isoflavonoids which needs to be further validated.