his study examines whether the economic growth in Odisha is pro-poor since the 1990s by applying, Pro-poor Growth Index (PGI), Poverty Equivalent Growth (PEG), Growth Incidence Curve (GIC) methods and using the NSSO 1993-1994, 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The change in poverty has been decomposed into growth in income (MPCE) and redistribution to look into the pro-poorness effect of growth. The results show that the slower rise in MPCE and faster increase in inequality, which offset the poverty reduction in the 1st period, causes a slow reduction in poverty. The faster reduction in inequality in the 2nd period with an increase in real MPCE has resulted in more rapid reduction in poverty in the state. Throughout the analysis, the growth effect of poverty reduction outweighs the inequality effect, causing a reduction in poverty in Odisha. The PGI, PEG and GIC show that the 2nd period in Odisha is pro-poor.

Abstract

Comparable estimates of household health spending and out-of-pocket (OOP) payment on health care in India are a daunting task. Often these estimates are provided for specific services such as maternal care, type of disease, hospitalisation, outpatient care, and an episode of hospitalisation. This paper presents comprehensive and comparable estimates of health spending and out-of-pocket payment on hospitalisation and outpatient care in India over the past 15 years.