The Imprint of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the Cross-correlation of the Redshifted HI 21-cm Signal and the Ly-alpha Forest

Abstract

The cross-correlation of the Ly-alpha forest and redshifted 21-cm emission has recently been proposed as an observational tool for mapping out the large-scale structures in the post-reionization era z < 6. This has a significant advantage as the problems of continuum subtraction and foreground removal are expected to be considerably less severe in comparison to the respective auto-correlation signals. Further, the effect of discrete quasar sampling is less severe for the cross-correlation in comparison to the Ly-alpha forest auto-correlation signal. In this paper we explore the possibility of using the cross-correlation signal to detect the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO). To this end, we have developed a theoretical formalism to calculate the expected cross-correlation signal and its variance. We have used this to predict the expected signal, and estimate the range of observational parameters where a detection is possible. For the Ly-α forest, we have considered BOSS and BIGBOSS which are expected have a quasar density of 16 deg^{-2} and 64 deg^{-2} respectively. A radio interferometric array that covers the redshift range z=2 to 3 using antennas of size 2 m * 2 m, is well suited for the 21-cm observations. It is required to observe 25 independent fields of view, which corresponds to the entire angular extent of BOSS. We find that it is necessary to achieve a noise level of 1.1 * 10^{-5} K^2 and 6.25 * 10^{-6} mK^2 per field of view in the 21-cm observations to detect the angular and radial BAO respectively with BOSS. The corresponding figures are 3.3 * 10^{-5} mK^2 and 1.7 * 10^{-5} mK^2 for BIGBOSS. Four to five independent radio interferometric arrays, each containing 400 antennas uniformly sampling all the baselines within 50 m will be able to carry out these observations in the span of a few years.