Abstract:
The Langmuir method for measurement of vapour pressures has been tested for use in studies of decomposition reactions. The isothermal weight loss in vacuum from cleavage (1011) planes of calcite (CaCO3) single crystals was measured continuously at temperatures from 934 to 1013 K. The rate was constant until approximately 80% of a 1 mm slice had decomposed. The apparent activation enthalpy was 205 kJ (49 kcal) mol–1. Micrographic examination showed an approximately 30 µm thick layer, probably a metastable form of calcium oxide, separating the calcite from the growing layer of oriented stable calcium oxide. The 30 µm layer yielded a single X-ray diffraction peak which was displaced slightly from the strongest (220) peak of the oriented normal calcium oxide. Lower apparent activation enthalpies measured in previous studies of calcite decomposition in inert atmospheres are suggested to result either from partial diffusion control of the process or from catalysis of the direct formation of normal calcium oxide by carbon dioxide or a component of the system atmosphere. The ratio of the measured decomposition rate in vacuum to the maximum rate, which can be calculated from the Hertz–Knudsen–Langmuir equation, is suggested to be a useful parameter in correlating and predicting decomposition reaction rates.
