The current work examines the dynamical features of a Leslie-Gower prey-predator model. The effects of fear and group defense among prey with the mechanism of cooperative hunting by predators are incorporated. The existence ...

In this work, we propose a Leslie–Gower prey–predator model where prey is afflicted with an incurable illness, and the predator may choose to eat the provided extra food. Our study aims to control the existing disease in ...

Plankton-fish interactions are the central topic of interest related to marine ecology. Apart from the direct predation (lethal effect) of zooplankton by fish, there are some non-lethal implications in the zooplankton-fish ...

In this paper, we analyze a system of delay differential equations incorporating prey’s refuge, fear, fear-response delay, extra food for predators and their gestation lag. First, we examined the system without delay. The ...

In this paper, we have studied a prey–predator model living in a habitat that divided into two regions: an unreserved region and a reserved (refuge) region. The migration between these two regions is allowed. The interaction ...

The bloom of toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) is an environmental issue due to its negative impact on fresh water and marine ecology. In this paper, such a phenomenon is modeled using the reaction–diffusion equations. ...

This study proposes a three-dimensional prey–predator model with stage structure in prey (immature and mature) including maturation delay in prey population and gestation delay in predator population. It is assumed that ...

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to study the effect of ecological changes caused by the excessive growth of wild grasses such as Paspalum distichum on the existence of various species in the Keoladeo National ...

In this paper the effect of fertile top soil degraded by environmental factors such as acid rain and wind on crop yield is studied by considering a single-sector economic growth model. It is shown that if these environmental ...

It is well recognized that the deterioration of our environment by various kinds of industrial discharges (toxic effluents, pollutants) to the environment has very undesirable consequences on all living beings including ...