The inability of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations to capture rarefaction effects motivates us to adopt the extended hydrodynamic equations. In the present work, a hydrodynamic model, which consists of the conservation ...

Thin-film-based nanoporous membrane technologies exploit evaporation to efficiently cool microscale and nanoscale electronic devices. At these scales, when domain sizes become comparable to the mean-free path in the vapor, ...

Determining physically admissible boundary conditions for higher moments in an extended continuum model is recognised as a major obstacle. Boundary conditions for the regularised 26-moment (R26) equations obtained using ...

Macroscopic models based on moment equations are developed to describe the transport of mass and energy near the phase boundary between a liquid and its rarefied vapour due to evaporation and hence, in this study, condensation. ...

In the classical framework, the Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations are obtained through the linear uncoupled thermodynamic force-flux relations which guarantee the non-negativity of the entropy production. However, the ...

A transition from a d2 to a d law is observed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations when the diameter (d) of an evaporating droplet reduces to the order of the vapor’s mean free path; this cannot be explained by classical ...

The regularized 13 moment (R13) equations are a macroscopic model for the description of rarefied gas flows in the transition regime. The equations have been shown to give meaningful results for Knudsen numbers up to about ...

The second-order non-Navier-Fourier constitutive laws, expressed in a compact algebraic mathematical form, were validated for the force-driven Poiseuille gas flow by the deterministic atomic-level microscopic molecular ...

Four basic flow configurations are employed to investigate steady and unsteady rarefaction effects in monatomic ideal gas flows. Internal and external flows in planar geometry, namely, viscous slip (Kramer’s problem), ...

A phenomenological approach to the boundary conditions for linearized R13 equations is derived using the second law of thermodynamics. The phenomenological coefficients appearing in the boundary conditions are calculated ...