Polarity is essential for diverse functions in many cell types. Establishing polarity requires targeting a network of specific signaling and cytoskeleton molecules to different subregions of the cell, yet the full complement ...

Chemotaxis—directional cell movement steered by chemical gradients—involved in many biological processes including embryonic morphogenesis and immune cell function. Eukaryotic cells, in response to external gradients of ...

Eukaryotic cell migration requires continuous supply of actin polymers at the leading edges to make and extend lamellipodia or pseudopodia. Linear and branched filamentous actin polymers fuel cell migration. Branching of ...

Cell migration requires the constant modification of cellular shape by reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The pentameric Scar/WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) is the main catalyst of pseudopod and lamellipodium formation. ...

The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus expresses a family of modular proteins which, replicating the functional activity of the immunomodulatory cytokine TGF-β, have been named TGM (TGF-β Μimic). Multiple ...

During infection, plants and bacteria participate in a dynamic interaction in the apoplast. Secreted hydrolases are among the prominent players in plant defence and are therefore targets of virulence factors. Using Nicotiana ...

Glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) are a family of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Compared to those of all other sequenced organisms, plant ...

A widely used approach for assessing genome instability in plants makes use of somatic homologous recombination (SHR) reporter lines. Here, we review the published characteristics and uses of SHR lines. We found a lack of ...

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a powerful proteomic approach to study the active proteins in their native environment by using chemical probes that label active site residues in proteins. Traditionally, ...

During barley germination, the aleurone layer secretes most of the enzymes required to degrade the endosperm, many of which are yet to be characterized. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to detect a range of ...