Quarkonia suppression in small systems with a nonadiabatic evolution

Abstract

In high multiplicity proton-proton (𝑝−𝑝) collisions, the formation of a deconfined state of quarks and gluons akin to heavy ion collisions (HIC) has been a subject of significant interest. In proton-proton (𝑝 −𝑝) collisions, the transverse size of the system is comparable to the longitudinal (Lorentz contracted) dimension, unlike the case in a nucleus-nucleus (𝐴 −𝐴) collision, leading to a hitherto unexplored effect of rapid decrease of temperature of the medium on quark-antiquark bound states. Starting with a bottom-up thermalization framework for preequilibrium stage, we model the hydrodynamic expansion of the resulting fireball based on the Gubser flow with both inviscid theory and viscous corrections up to the third order. We find that the temperature evolution in small systems is rather fast even with viscous evolution equations for energy density, thereby introducing sudden changes in the time evolution of the Hamiltonian. This scenario prompts the consideration of nonadiabatic evolution, justifying the need in the present case to go beyond the traditional adiabatic framework. We demonstrate that nonadiabatic evolution may suppress the dissociation of 𝐽/Ψ substantially in 𝑝 −𝑝 collisions, even at higher multiplicities, offering new insights into the dynamics of strongly interacting matter produced in smaller collision systems.