Energy efficiency, high data speeds, and effective spectrum utilization stand as the primary factors governing 5G and beyond networks. A base station (BS) in a cognitive radio network (CRN) that conserves energy during ...

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) offer a promising solution for improving spectrum utilization. However, ensuring quality of service (QoS) for heterogeneous secondary users (SUs) during spectrum handoff, particularly under ...

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of two prominent spectrum sensing methods, energy detection (ED) and matched filter detection (MFD), under different modulation schemes, specifically binary phase shift keying ...

The pharmaceutical supply chain is a complex network involving multiple stakeholders and processes, making it susceptible to various inefficiencies and challenges such as counterfeiting, drug expiry, and inefficient inventory ...

The wireless communication systems can be modeled using discrete-time multi-class priority queues. Also, it is desired to reduce energy consumption in these systems, which can be achieved by implementing a vacation policy ...

Cellular networks play a crucial role in modern telecommunications, supporting growing numbers of mobile users and various call types ranging from voice calls to multimedia data sessions. Efficient call handling is essential ...

The particulate process (Population balance equation (PBE)) has significant applications in milling processes, astrophysics, and the formation of raindrops. A novel PBE is presented, where particle collisions result in one ...

A domain R is called conducive if every conductor ideal (R:T) is nonzero for all overrings T of R other than the quotient field of R. Let H denote the set of all commutative rings R for which the set of all nilpotent ...

L-shaped floorplans are defined by rectangular modules enclosed within a rectilinear outer boundary, forming an L-shape that can not be altered through simple extension or contraction of a boundary wall. The boundary of ...