Browsing by Author "Garg, Sukriti"

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    Bin-packing based offline dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation algorithms for power efficiency in Super-PON
    (Optica Publishing Group, 2021) Garg, Sukriti
    Enduring the rapidly growing demand for high data rates is the main challenge for the current network providers. Super passive optical network (Super-PON), a prominent next generation Ethernet PON (NG-EPON) candidate, can suffice this exponentially increasing data rate requirements. However, to appease such requirements, it employs many transceivers and increases the power-consumption of the network. In this work, we focus on reducing the carbon footprint of Super-PON and propose power-efficient dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithms, namely best fit bin-packing sleep mode aware (BF-SMA) and updated BF-SMA (UBF-SMA). The proposed algorithms use SMA for bandwidth scheduling and different bin-packing techniques for wavelength allocation. In bin-packing, the number of available wavelengths and their efficient allocation is based on the network load. For restricting the number of available wavelengths, we can switch off the non-essential transceivers at the OLT, which also helps in maximizing the wavelength utilization and increasing the power efficiency. The simulation results show that in comparison to the state-of-the-art DBWA algorithms, the proposed algorithms improve the power efficiency and reduce the average delay of a Super-PON system. Furthermore, we use Jain’s fairness index to validate the fairness of the proposed DBWA algorithms
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    Bin-Packing-Based Online Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Allocation Algorithm in Super-PON
    (IEEE, 2021) Garg, Sukriti
    Super passive optical network (Super-PON) is a next-generation Ethernet PON (NG-EPON) candidate that is envisaged to provide high data rate and low latency. For NG-EPON, there are two types of algorithms that manages bandwidth and wavelength scheduling, namely offline and online. The latter method is more scalable and efficient than the former method. Several online algorithms exist that propose schemes to manage wavelength and bandwidth scheduling. However, these algorithms lack in efficient wavelength utilization and switching. In this work, we propose a novel online bin-packing based dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithm for Super-PON, namely updated best fit bin-packing (UBF-BP). This algorithm limits the wavelength switching per cycle, and uses the modified version of best fit bin-packing (BF-BP) technique for optimal wavelength allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed DBWA algorithm has a low complexity and overcomes the inefficiencies of wavelength utilization and switching. This results in lower network delay and higher channel utilization than the state-of-the-art DBWA. Furthermore, to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm, we propose an analytical model and validate these simulation results with the analytical results.
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    Evaluating power saving techniques in passive optical access networks
    (Springer, 2021-06) Garg, Sukriti
    Passive optical networks (PONs) are a preferred technology for implementing fiber-to-the-home networks. Though PONs minimize power consumption compared to digital subscriber loops (DSL), they still constitute a significant portion of the power consumed in the telecommunication network. Several research efforts have thus focused on minimizing power consumption in a PON network, e.g., optimal PON dimensioning, sleep modes, and designing next-generation power efficient PON candidates, like bit-interleaved PON (Bi-PON), wavelength split time and wavelength division multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON) and wavelength-switched TWDM-PON. A natural question thus arise is what are the power savings of these various mechanisms and are there some synergy gains if these efforts can be combined? In this work, we propose analytical models for evaluating the power saving potentials of optimal PON dimensioning, sleep modes, and next-generation PON candidates like Bi-PON, wavelength split and wavelength switched TWDM-PON. For optimal PON dimensioning, we consider a promised grade of service to the users, while to explore the sleep mode functionality, we consider state-of-the-art dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms like sleep mode aware (SMA) and hybrid sleep mode aware (HSMA). We then propose the power models to assess the power efficiency of sleep modes in combination with the optimal dimensioning. In addition, we further extend these mechanisms to the next-generation PON candidates and evaluate the power saving potentials. Furthermore, in order to show the accuracy of the proposed models, we validate all these analytical models with the simulation results.
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    Improved signal detection for multiuser MIMO system using BD QR-LRL
    (IEEE, 2015-12) Garg, Sukriti
    QR-Least reliable layer (QR-LRL) technique in fusion with the channel block diagonalization (BD) is proposed for signal detection in the multiuser multiple input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) system. Literature survey shows various precoding techniques like BD-ZF, BD-MMSE, dirty paper coding (DPC) to overcome multiuser interference. However, they suffer in the terms of either noise enhancement or complexity or sum rate capacity. It is also shown in the literature that QR-LRL, an ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) detector achieves hard/soft ML performance with low complexity for SM-MIMO systems. In this paper, BD and QR-LRL are associated together in order to enhance the signal detection for MU-MIMO system. Simulation results showed that the proposed technique confirms improved detection compared to the conventional methods for multiuser scenario
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    Models for Evaluating Power Saving Techniques in Flexible Optical Access Networks
    (IEEE, 2018) Garg, Sukriti
    Increased use of power in telecommunication networks has not only increased the cost of operation but also increased the carbon footprint and the environmental hazards. In this paper, we propose models for evaluating power saving techniques in flexible passive optical access networks. In addition, the power model of their sleep modes are proposed and are extended to analyse the power saving potentials of state-of-art dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms like sleep mode aware (SMA) and hybrid sleep mode aware (HSMA).
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    Novel Dynamic Bandwidth and Wavelength Allocation Algorithm for Energy Efficiency in TWDM-PON
    (IEEE, 2019) Garg, Sukriti
    In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic bandwidth and wavelength allocation (DBWA) algorithm that makes use of bin-packing approach resulting in the improved energy efficiency for time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs). Simulation results show that this novel DBWA algorithm not only improves the energy efficiency of TWDM-PON but also its delay performance in comparison to the state-of-art DBWA algorithm.
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    Opportunistic interference alignment in multi-user MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks for different fading channels
    (IEEE, 2016-03) Garg, Sukriti
    Opportunistic interference alignment (OIA) is a well known precoding technique that uses interference alignment to improve the rate of secondary user (SU) simultaneously nullifying the interference that SU causes to a primary user (PU). In this paper, we analyse the efficacy of OIA technique in multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) for generalized κ - μ fading channel and Rayleigh fading with lognormal shadowing (K fading) channel models. Numerical results are presented for the achievable data rates of both PU and SU links in two fading environments.
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    Power, Cost and Reach Based Evaluation of Next Generation Passive Optical Networks Architectures
    (IEEE, 2018) Garg, Sukriti
    Evolution in passive optical access networks concentrate on increasing their capacity that can be in terms of the number of users served or the data rates served per user. Various techniques have been under consideration to achieve the same. Their names are first generation passive optical networks (PON), next generation-1 PON (NG-PON1), and next generation 2 PON (NG-PON2). However, none of them has proven to be the most efficient solution for every scenario (such as power, cost and reach efficiency). This calls for the evaluation of the existing PON architectures and provide an optimum solution. In this work, we evaluate the performance of Gigabit-capable PON (GPON), XG-PON, XLG-PON, wavelength division multiplexing PON (WDM-PON), and time and wavelength division multiplex PON (TWDM-PON) architectures in terms of their reach, cost and power consumption. On analyzing these architectures in OptSim software, we found that WDM-PON is an optimum solution for long reach and high data rate PON system if we neglect the cost constraint. Furthermore, for the cost effective solution, TWDM-PON fits best in terms of high data rate and low power consumption but provides lower reach in comparison to WDM-PON