Browsing by Author "Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar"

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Advancing organic photovoltaic cells for a sustainable future: The role of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) in enhancing performance and innovation
(Elsevier, 2025-05) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
The convergence of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) technology and artificial intelligence (AI) is examined in this review as a promising approach to advancing sustainable energy solutions. Recognized for their lightweight, flexible, and cost-effective properties, OPVs are highlighted as viable alternatives within renewable energy applications, particularly suited for integration in building infrastructure and portable energy sources. A discussion of OPV mechanisms and structures, such as single-layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction cells, is provided to outline the unique efficiencies and challenges each architecture presents. AI, especially through machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, is shown to transform OPV research, enhancing both material discovery and device optimization. Through AI-driven processes, rapid predictions of power conversion efficiency (PCE), material selection automation, and high-throughput screening are achieved, effectively minimizing experimental time and cost. Recent developments in AI applications, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Bayesian optimization, are reviewed for their contributions to improving OPV performance, stability, and scalability. Case studies are included to demonstrate AI’s impact in areas such as predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and optimization of device architecture, all of which contribute to efficiency gains and improved material durability. Challenges, however, are noted, with data quality issues, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, and gaps in AI-aided material innovation identified as key areas for ongoing development. This review highlights how the intersection of AI and OPV technology not only accelerates the path toward efficient, scalable renewable energy but also underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research in advancing sustainable, high-performance photovoltaic solutions.
Analysis of Arrhenius activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic gyrotactic microorganism flow through porous medium over an inclined stretching sheet with thermophoresis and Brownian motion
(Sage, 2022-10) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This paper aims to examine the combined effects of Arrhenius activation and microorganisms on unsteady flow through a porous medium with thermophoresis and Brownian motion over an inclined stretching sheet. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity analysis. The resultant non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver in MATLAB. The effects of the physical parameter such as magnetic field parameter (M), thermal radiation parameter (R), permeability parameter (K), Eckert number (Ec), thermophoresis parameter (Nt) and Brownian motion parameter (Nb) on the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and the local Sherwood number are presented and analysed graphically. The comparison has been made with previously published work, and there is a good agreement. These results may be helpful in geothermal engineering, energy conversation and disposal of nuclear waste material. Furthermore, scientists can employ this technique in medical fields such as gene therapy and the synthesis of drug delivery systems.
Analytical investigation of the hydromagnetic flow in a porous medium due to periodically heated oscillating plate
(International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2000) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
The Stokes second problem in the presence of a magnetic field in a porous medium is considered. The flow is due to an oscillating plate at the bottom of the porous medium of finite thickness and fully saturated with the viscous incompressible liquid. The plate is kept at oscillating temperature and a transverse uniform magnetic field is applied normal to the plate. It is assumed that the flow in the porous medium is governed by the Brinkman equations. The flows at the interface (porous medium-clear fluid boundary) are matched by the conditions suggested by Ochao-Tapia and Whittaker. Approximate solutions for velocity, temperature field, skin-friction and rate of heat transfer are calculated and effects of various parameters upon them are examined.
Artificial neural network analysis of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms for optimizing solar thermal collector efficiency
(Springer Nature, 2025-02) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This article investigates solar energy storage due to the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms through a porous medium for parabolic trough solar collectors. The mechanism of thermophoresis and Brownian motion for the graphene and silver nanoparticles are also encountered in the suspension of water-based heat transfer fluid. The gyrotactic microorganisms have the ability to move in an upward direction in the nanofluid mixture, which enhances the nanoparticle stability and fluid mixing in the suspension. Mathematical modeling of the governing equations uses the conservation principles of mass, momentum, energy, concentration, and microorganism concentration. The non-similar variables are introduced to the dimensional governing equations to get the non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. The Cash and Carp method is implemented to solve the non-dimensional equations. The artificial neural network is also developed for the non-dimensional governing equations using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm. Numerical findings corresponding to the diverse parameters influencing the nanofluid flow and heat transfer are presented in the graphs. The thermal profiles are observed to be enhanced with the escalation in the Darcy and Forchheimer parameters. And the Nusselt number enhances with the escalation in the Deborah number and retardation time parameter. Entropy generation reduces with an enhancement in Deborah number and retardation time parameter. Solar energy is the best renewable energy source. It can fulfill the energy requirements for the growth of industries and engineering applications.
Bayesian regularization networks for micropolar ternary hybrid nanofluid flow of blood with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions: Entropy generation optimization
(Elsevier, 2023-08) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This study aims to analyze a Bayesian regularization backpropagation algorithm for micropolar ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over curved surfaces with homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, Joule heating and viscous dissipation. The ternary hybrid nanofluid consists of nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2), copper oxide (CuO), and silicon oxide (SiO2), with blood as the base fluid. The governing partial differential equations for the fluid flow are converted into ordinary differential equations using a group of self-similar transformations. The ordinary differential equations are solved using an appropriate shooting algorithm in MATLAB. The effects of physical parameters including curvature, micro-polar, radiation, magnetic, Prandtl, Eckert, Schmidt, and homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction parameters are analyzed for velocity, micro rotational, temperature, and concentration profile. Physical quantities of engineering interest like heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, skin friction coefficient, couple stress coefficient, and entropy generation are also discussed in this study. A Bayesian regularization backpropagation algorithm is also designed for the solution of the ordinary differential equations. The obtained network is analyzed using training state, performance, error histograms, model response, Error autocorrelation, and input-error correlation plots. It is observed that the entropy generation and the Bejan number increase for enhancing Brinkman and radiation parameter. Clinical researchers and biologists may use the results of this computational study to forecast endothelial cell damage and plaque deposition in curved arteries, by which the severity of these conditions can be reduced.
Combined effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on MHD mixed convective flow over an inclined stretching surface with radiation and chemical reaction
(World Scientific, 2023) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
A study has been carried for an incompressible electrically conducting, viscous fluid past a continuously stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and first-order chemical reaction with thermophoresis and Brownian motion. An inclined uniform magnetic field is applied to the fluid flow region. The governing coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the model are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying similarity analysis. The resultant nonlinear coupled ODEs are computed numerically in MATLAB software using the boundary value problem solver (BVP4C). The effects of various physical parameters have been examined graphically on velocity, concentration and temperature distribution. The comparison has been made from the previously published work, and there is a good agreement with that. These results can be helpful in geothermal engineering, energy conversation and disposal of nuclear waste material. Moreover, this combined effect can also help biologists to study biological macromolecules such as genomic-length DNA and HIV in the microchannel.
Combined effects of Joule heating and non-uniform heat source/sink on unsteady MHD mixed convective flow over a vertical stretching surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium
(Elsevier, 2022-06) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This paper deals with an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) heat and mass transfer for a viscous incompressible fluid through a vertical stretching surface embedded in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium in the presence of a non-uniform heat source/sink and first-order chemical reaction. The porous surface is subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field. The influence of velocity, thermal, and concentration slip is also investigated. The governing equations are coupled non-linear partial differential equations, which have been converted via similarity transformation into a set of ordinary differential equations. The resultant system of non-linear ordinary differential equations has been solved numerically with the help of the “MATLAB” BVP4C Solver. Results are presented graphically to analyze the effects of various physical parameters discovered in the problem such as Hartmann number (M), Forchheimer number (Fr), Grashof number (Gr), solutal Grashof number (Gc), suction parameter (S), porosity parameter (), dimensionless velocity slip (), Prandtl number (Pr), dimensionless thermal slip (), space-dependent heat source/sink parameter (), temperature-dependent heat source/sink (), Eckert number (Ec), Schmidt number (Sc), chemical reaction parameter (), unsteadiness parameter (A), and dimensionless concentration slip () on non-dimensional velocity , temperature , and concentration profiles. The influence of these parameters on skin-friction coefficient (), Nusselt number (), and Sherwood number () are expressed in tabular form. It is observed that an enhancement in Fr and results in the declination of the velocity profile. There is an enhancement in temperature with an increment in the and . The physical representation of flow characteristics that appeared in the problem is presented using various graphs to depict real-world applications in industrial and engineering operations. The results were compared to previous studies, revealing that the two are in good agreement. The novelty of the present investigation is: To interpret the combined effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on a vertical stretching surface embedded in a highly porous medium modeled using the Darcy-Forchheimer model. The findings could be valuable in understanding the flow of oil, gas, and water through an oil or gas field reservoir, as well as groundwater migration and filtering and purification procedures.
Combined heat and mass transfer by laminar mixed convection flow from a vertical surface with induced magnetic field
(AIP, 2006) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
The mixed convection flow over a continuously moving porous vertical plate under the combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion has been studied under the action of transverse applied magnetic field taking into account the induced magnetic field, when the plate is subjected to constant heat and mass fluxes. Solutions for the velocity field, temperature distribution, concentration distribution, induced magnetic field and current density are obtained using perturbation technique. Expressions for shear stress, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained. Its apparent that the effect of Grashof number (Gr) on temperature distribution is significantly greater than the magnetic parameter and Schmidt number and the temperature distribution remains more for Gr<0 than that of Gr>0 for both air and water. It is found that the shear stress decreases with increasing Prandtl number (Pr).
Comment on "Combined heat and mass transfer by mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow along a porous plate with chemical reaction in presence of heat source" by Zueco, J. and Ahmed, S., 2010, [Appl. Math. Mech. -Engl. Ed. 31(10), pp. 1217-1230]
(Academic Journals, 2014-09) Singh, Ajit Pratap; Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
In this paper, we demonstrate that the previously reported effect of the transverse magnetic field on a steady mixed convective heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past an infinite vertical isothermal porous plate considering the induced magnetic field with viscous and magnetic dissipations of energy by Zueco and Ahmed (2010) [Appl. Math. Mech. -Engl. Ed. 31(10), pp. 1217-1230] has some major flaws. We show that the results included in the paper by Zueco and Ahmed (2010) are incorrect both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
Comment on "Induced magnetic field with radiating fluid over a porous vertical plate: Analytical study" by Sahin Ahmed [Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
(Bangladesh Academy of Scienceshttps://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JNAME/article/view/10579, 2010) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
In the present comment, we point out some errors found in the above referenced paper.
Comment on "Steady mixed convection stagnationpoint flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field" [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055]
(Academic Journal, 2013) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
In the present comment, we point out a major flow found in the paper "Steady mixed convection stagnation-point flow of upper convected Maxwell fluids with magnetic field" [International Journal of non-linear mechanics, 44(2009):1048-1055].
Comments on the paper “A study of induced magnetic field with chemically reacting and radiating fluid past a vertical permeable plate” by S. Ahmed
(Springer, 2013-03) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
Computational analysis of entropy generation optimization for Cu–Al2O3 water-based chemically reactive magnetized radiative hybrid nanofluid flow
(AIP, 2024-07) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This study aims to analyze the mass transfer and entropy generation in the flow system of chemically reactive, thermal radiative hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3/Cu with H2O as base fluid) flow across flat stretching porous surfaces in the presence of viscous dissipation and transverse magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations by applying a group of self-similarity transformations. The resulting differential equations are solved using the Bvp4c technique in MATLAB. The impact of several physical parameters has been examined the velocity, heat, and mass transfer components of the fluid. To optimize the complete heat transfer process, the consequences of all physical parameters are discussed on entropy generation and Bejan number and presented graphically. It is observed that velocity increases with the increase in magnetic parameter M because pressure force dominates over Lorentz force, temperature increases with the rise of Ec, concertation reduces with the enhancement of chemical reaction parameter delta, and the Bejan number decreases with the increase in Br; however, reverse phenomena are observed with increasing the value of the magnetic number and entropy increases with the rise of magnetic parameter M. Due to the increase in magnetic parameter M, drag force is accelerated, which leads to increase in entropy, With an increment in Pr and Ec, the heat exchange rate declines although the skin friction coefficient and mass transfer remain constant. There are several significant applications of the study of thermal analysis of hybrid nanofluid flows in numerous mechanical processes, such as extrusion or metal manufacturing processes, heat transportation in biological tissues, cooling of electric devices, high-size refrigeration, hydroelectric dams, and fuel systems.
Computational analysis of melting radiative heat transfer for solar Riga trough collectors of Jeffrey hybrid-nanofluid flow: A new stochastic approach
(Elsevier, 2023-12) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
Current investigation deals with the melting heat transfer for the Jeffrey hybrid-nanofluid flow in parabolic trough solar collectors through Darcy Forchheimer porous media over a variable thick vertical elongation Riga surface under the effect of solar radiation. The impacts of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also investigated. Equations governing the Jeffrey’s hybrid nanofluid flow are higher-order non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are transformed into the non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by introducing appropriate similarity transformations and dimensionless parameters. Runga Kutta’s fourth-order numerical scheme is implemented with the shooting technique to solve coupled higher-order ODEs. Results for velocity profile, temperature profile, drag coefficient and Nusselt number are discussed for various influential parameters. Artificial neural networking is also performed to predict Nusselt numbers in different cases and scenarios. The Artificial Neural Network gives the desired outputs with the highest possible accuracy. It is observed that the temperature profile rises with increase in Hartmann number, porosity parameter, and Forchheimer number. However thermal profile worsens with escalates in the exponential index. Radiant energy of the Sun is a renewable energy source available in considerable amounts in our living environment. A parabolic trough solar collector is an efficient solar collector that stores the concentrated incoming radiant energy from the Sun to fulfill the requirement of high temperatures in thermal energy storage systems. It has various applications in solar-powered appliances for cooking and air conditioning, solar-powered systems for treating wastewater, photovoltaic lighting, solar-powered cars, aircraft, etc.
Computational analysis of mhd nanofluid flow across a heated square cylinder with heat transfer and entropy generation
(Sciendo, 2024-08) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar; Jalan, Arun Kumar
The mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluid flow in a heated square cylinder under the influence of a magnetic field is considered in this paper. ANSYS FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software with a finite volume approach is used to solve unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations. The numerical solutions for velocity, thermal conductivity, temperature, Nusselt number and the effect of the parameters have been obtained; the intensity of the magnetic field, Richardson number, nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic field parameter and nanoparticle diameter have also been investigated. The results indicate that as the dimensions of nanoparticles decrease, there is an observed augmentation in heat transfer rates from the square cylinder for a fixed volume concentration. This increment in heat transfer rate becomes approximately 2.5%–5% when nanoparticle size decreases from 100 nm to 30 nm for various particle volume fractions. Moreover, the magnitude of the Nusselt number enhances with the increase in magnetic field intensity and has the opposite impact on the Richardson number. The findings of the present study bear substantial implications for diverse applications, particularly in the realm of thermal management systems, where optimising heat transfer is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of electronic devices, cooling systems and other technological advancements.
Computational analysis of radiative heat transfer due to rotating tube in parabolic trough solar collectors with Darcy Forchheimer porous medium
(Elsevier, 2023-11) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
This attempt numerically investigates the heat transfer in parabolic trough solar collectors due to the rotating tube for the hybrid nanofluid flow over the Riga surface with Darcy Forchheimer’s porous medium under the effect of solar radiation. The influences of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also considered. Equations governing the fluid flow are non-dimensionalized by implementing appropriate similarity variables. The resulting non-dimensionalized ordinary differential equations are solved using the shooting technique with Adam Bashforth and Adam Moulten’s fourth-order numerical approach. The numerical outcomes for various influential physical parameters regarding the fluid velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, and entropy generation are presented in graphical form. It is observed that the thermal profile escalates with the higher values of Reynold’s number, modified magnetic field parameter, and Prandtl number. Also, the Nusselt number diminishes with augmenting values of the Eckert number, modified magnetic field parameter, Forchheimer number, and Darcy number. The optimization of heat transfer in parabolic trough collectors is essential to improve the performance of solar collectors. The concentrated solar power technology is adequate for storing radiation energy in higher amounts.
Computational biomedical simulations of hybrid nanoparticles (Au-Al2O3/ blood-mediated) transport in a stenosed and aneurysmal curved artery with heat and mass transfer: Hematocrit dependent viscosity approach
(Elsevier, 2022-08) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
In the present study, effects of hybrid nanoparticles () on hemodynamical characteristics of unsteady blood flow through a curved artery with stenosis and aneurysm have been analysed. Blood viscosity is assumed as hematocrit-dependent viscosity. The Crank-Nicolson method is applied to solve governing equations with tolerance in each iteration. The acquired results for both stenotic and aneurysm segments are presented graphically and have been examined for various physical parameters. It is noted that with an increment in volume fraction of gold (Au) nanoparticles, the velocity profile rises, while, reverse effect is noticed for the volume fraction of Aluminium Oxide () nanoparticles. It is also observed that hybrid nanoparticles may help to control the blood velocity and temperature, which allow the surgeons to readjust it as and when required. The current findings are in good agreement with recent outcomes in previous research studies. The motive of this research is to provide a mathematical analysis of some diseases conditions, which can be helpful in the process of diagnosis and treatment related to the problems of plaque deposition and aneurysm in cardiovascular disorders without surgery, reduction in medical expenses, and minimizing post-surgical effects. Present study also has various applications in the treatment of a variety of pathological conditions such as tumors, removal of blood clots, brain aneurysms, infections. It can be utilized for controlling the blood flow rate, resistance to flow, wall shear stress, and heating effect during surgical processes by varying the strength of the applied magnetic field, the volume fraction of nanoparticles, radiation effect, etc.
Computational simulation of heat transfer and nanofluid flow for two-sided lid-driven square cavity under the influence of magnetic field
(De Gruyter, 2025-08) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
The present study investigates the heat transfer for the unsteady, incompressible, two-dimensional mixed convective copper–water nanofluid flow in a lid-driven square cavity in the presence of the magnetic field. The lid-driven square cavity’s top and bottom walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The nanofluid model is developed in ANSYS-FLUENT using Boussinesq approximation. A pressure-based solver with a Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations algorithm is used to simulate the governing equations of the model. The results obtained from the developed fluid model are examined for the different influential physical parameters to enhance heat transfer from the cavity to the flowing fluid. Qualitative and quantitative results for nanofluid concentration, magnetic field parameter, and Reynolds number are analyzed. A noteworthy observation is that the velocity of the nanofluid reduces with improvement in the magnetic field strength. The findings of the attempt provide the capability of nanofluids in heat transfer, which aids in creating innovative geometries with improved and regulated heat transfer due to applied magnetic fields. This attempt holds potential applications in solar collectors, electrical devices, and the medical field manageable due to the slower fluid flow (nanofluid).
Computer simulation of two phase power-law nanofluid of blood flow through a curved overlapping stenosed artery with induced magnetic field: entropy generation optimization
(Emerald, 2024-02) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of two-phase power law nanofluid on a curved arterial blood flow under the presence of ovelapped stenosis. Over the past couple of decades, the percentage of deaths associated with blood vessel diseases has risen sharply to nearly one third of all fatalities. For vascular disease to be stopped in its tracks, it is essential to understand the vascular geometry and blood flow within the artery. In recent scenarios, because of higher thermal properties and the ability to move across stenosis and tumor cells, nanoparticles are becoming a more common and effective approach in treating cardiovascular diseases and cancer cells.
Computer Simulations of EMHD Casson Nanofluid Flow of Blood through an Irregular Stenotic Permeable Artery: Application of Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li Correlations
(MDPI, 2023-02) Sharma, Bhupendra Kumar
A novel analysis of the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) non-Newtonian nanofluid blood flow incorporating CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles through a permeable walled diseased artery having irregular stenosis and an aneurysm is analyzed in this paper. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood flow is addressed by the Casson fluid model. The effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids are calculated using the Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li model, which takes into account the Brownian motion of nanoparticles. The mild stenosis approximation is employed to reduce the bi-directional flow of blood to uni-directional. The blood flow is influenced by an electric field along with a magnetic field perpendicular to the blood flow. The governing mathematical equations are solved using Crank-Nicolson finite difference approach. The model has been developed and validated by comparing the current results to previously published benchmarks that are peculiar to this study. The results are utilized to investigate the impact of physical factors on momentum diffusion and heat transfer. The Nusselt number escalates with increasing CuO nanoparticle diameter and diminishing the diameter of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The relative % variation in Nusselt number enhances with Magnetic number, whereas a declining trend is obtained for the electric field parameter. The present study’s findings may be helpful in the diagnosis of hemodynamic abnormalities and the fields of nano-hemodynamics, nano-pharmacology, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and blood purification systems.