Browsing by Author "Verma, Sanjay Kumar"

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Adsorption of Acid Red 66 Dye from Aqueous Solution by Green Microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus Strain PSV2 Isolated from an Industrial Polluted Site
(Scientific Research, 2014-06) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
In the present study, Acutodesmus obliquus strain PSV2 was isolated from a textile and dyeing industrial site and investigated as a cost effective and potential adsorbent for Acid red 66 dye. Batch kinetic experiments were carried out as a function of pH (1.0 - 6.0), contact time (0 - 180 min) and initial dye concentration (10 - 50 mg/L) to determine the decolorization efficiency of microalgae. The maximum adsorption of dye was observed at pH 2.0 during the initial 60 min of contact time. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to experimental data to investigate the efficiency of adsorbent and mechanism of adsorption. It was observed that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm fitted well with Acid Red 66 dye data. Langmuir isotherm, described maximum adsorption of dye (44.24 mg/g) with good correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.980) while Freundlich isotherm showed a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.994) with value of n greater than unity (n = 1.27). The present study showed that Acutodesmus obliquus strain PSV2 is an eco friendly and highly efficient adsorbent for removal of acid red 66 dye from dyeing and textile industrial wastewater.
Antibacterial properties of Alkaloid rich fractions obtained from various parts of Prosopis juliflora
(IJPSR, 2011) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
The alkaloid rich fraction obtained from various parts of Prosopis juliflora were assessed for their antibacterial property using disc diffusion method on several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains like E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Psuedomonas putida, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Acinetobacter and Alcaligen. Strong antibacterial effect was shown by leaf, pod and flower extract, with MIC value ranging between 25μg/ml-100μg/ml. The extracts of leaves showed highest activity among all the plant parts. Klebsiella was found to be the most susceptible bacteria, whereas Acinetobacter and Alcaligen were the least susceptible. A comparison of zone of inhibition created by alkaloid rich fractions with that of standard antibiotics, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oflaxacin, refampin, streptomycin and sulfa drug showed a comparable zone of inhibition. Growth of Acinetobacter and Alcaligen which were not inhibited by antibiotics, showed inhibition by the alkaloidal extracts, similarly a known ampicillin resistant E.coli strain was found to be inhibited by the plant extracts. Alkaloids present in the extracts were analysed by DART-MS. DART-MS analysis of the alkaloid rich fractions showed the presence of piperidine alkaloids.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes Online (ARGO): A Database on vancomycin and βlactam resistance genes
(BIPG, 2005) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Vancomycin and βlactams are antibiotics that inhibit gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis. However, continuous use of antibiotics results in the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Here, we describe ARGO, a database containing gene sequences conferring resistance to these two classes of antibiotics. It is designed as a resource to enhance research on the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes. ARGO is the first attempt to compile the resistance gene sequence data with state specific information.
Antidepressive-like effect of microcystin-FR in Swiss albino mice tested by a battery of behavioural depression models
(Innovare Academic Sciences, 2012) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Microcystin-FR a cyclic heptapeptide was isolated from Nostoc spongiaeforme and purified by thin layer chromatography, MALDI TOFF Ms and HPLC methods. The Swiss albino mice dosed with the sub lethal concentration of 0.8μg/kg body weight of microcystin-FR were subjected to a battery of behavioural depression models such as tail suspension test (TST), force swim test (FST) and elevated plus maze test (EPM). A 40% decrease in immobility in both TST and FST was seen in mice treated with microcystin-FR as compared to control. The EPM test showed that the mice treated with microcystin-FR spent 89% more time in open arm as compared to untreated control. The microcystin-FR does not seem to interfere with the normal locomotory activity of mice. The histopathology, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays confirm the hepatotoxic nature of microcystin-FR. A dose of 8mg/kg body weight of Cyclosporine-A (CsA) was used to suppress the hepatotoxic effect of microcystin-FR in all the above experiments as CsA provided 100% protection over the hepatotoxic nature of microcystin-FR. The results are discussed in light of the inhibition of PP 2A and transport of biogenic amine by microcystin-FR.
Antimicrobial Haplindole Alkaloids as Chemical Marker for Rapid Identification of Stigonematales (Cyanobacteria)
(Taylor & Francis, 2020-12) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Antimicrobial Hapalindole alkaloids have been identified in the order Stigonematales. Being exclusively present in a few members of this order, they can easily serve as a good chemical marker for their identification. In the present experiment, some locally isolated cyanobacterial strains were identified on the basis of these chemical compounds. Cyanobacterial strains were isolated from natural samples through standard techniques. Their antimicrobial activity was tested against various fungal and bacterial strains, which include: Psuedomonas syringe, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Cercospora canescens and Colletotricum dematium. Of the several natural isolates, two strains showed strong antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms. Isolates showing antimicrobial activity were further subjected to DART-MS analysis to identify the chemical compounds. Mass spectra revealed the presence of a range of hapalindole alkaloids, which were confirmed through their exact mass measurement, elemental composition determination, and fragment ion generation in the DART source. Quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring relative abundance.
Application of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) for Identification of an Epiphytic Cyanobacterium, Nostoc Sp.
(Taylor & Francis, 2012-05-12) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Cyanobacteria, a diverse group of bacteria are identified entirely on the basis of morphological characters, which can frequently lead to incorrect results; therefore, the present study reports a new approach for identification of an organism based on DART technique. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to identify a cyanobacterium, isolated from the leaf surface, on the basis of characteristic chemical compounds present in the strain. A chemical fingerprint was generated and peaks obtained were found to be similar to the masses of the compounds reported for Nostoc sp
Application of Mutant Strains of Cyanobacteria for Cd2+ Removal
(Springer, 2002-11) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
The current practice for the removal of soluble metal ions present in the industrial effluents includes simple chemical precipitation, ion exchange, ion specificity, narrow range of pH and poor settling colloidal properties may limit the effectiveness..
Arsenic Resistance Mechanisms in Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR-3 Strain Isolated from Khetri Copper Mines, Rajasthan, India
(Springer, 2022-01) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
An arsenic resistant bacteria SMSKVR-3 has been isolated from the rhizospheric soil of the metal-contaminated site of khetri copper mines situated in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, India. The strain showed homology with Pseudomonas mendocina strain ATCC 25411. This gram-negative isolate exhibited optimal growth in M9 minimal media with temperature and salt concentration as 30 °C and 0.25% (w/v), respectively, at pH 7.0. The similar growth pattern and SEM analysis of this strain exposed to M9 minimal media alone, M9 media supplemented with 300 mM arsenate [As(V)] or M9 media supplemented with 1.34 mM arsenite [As(III)] indicate the existence of the strong arsenic resistance mechanism. The isolate was able to produce siderophores and was able to reduce As(V) to As(III). A decrease in polyP concentration from 354.8 µg/1010 CFU mL−1 at 0 h to 0.043 µg/1010 CFU mL−1 at 8 h incubation with As(V) was in correlation with the change in intracellular As(V) concentration (116.98 mg L−1/1010 cells at 0 h to 88.65 mg L−1/1010 at 8 h) with time. This shows the possible role of polyP bodies in the regulation of As(V) concentration inside the cell. The presence of arsC gene in P.mendocina SMSKVR-3 was confirmed by the PCR amplification of arsC gene. The BLAST analysis of the sequenced gene represented 98.59% identity with the P. mendocina S5.2 arsenate reductase. These results indicate that the observed arsenic resistance in SMSKVR-3 is due to a combination of siderophore production, the transformation of As(V) to As(III) by arsenate reductase, multi-drug efflux pump, and polyP bodies mediated metal resistance mechanism.
Bio-Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Using Desmodesmus sp. in the Custom-Designed Pilot-Scale Loop Photobioreactor
(MDPI, 2021-09) Gupta, Suresh; Raghuvanshi, Smita; Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Today’s society is faced with many upfront challenges such as the energy crisis, water pollution, air pollution, and global warming. The greenhouse gases (GHGs) responsible for global warming include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NOx), water vapor (H2O), and fluorinated gases. A fraction of the increased emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere is due to agricultural and municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. There is a need for a sustainable solution which can degrade the pollutants and provide a technology-based solution. Hence, the present work deals with the custom design of a loop photobioreactor with 34 L of total volume used to handle different inlet CO2 concentrations (0.03%, 5%, and 10% (v/v)). The obtained values of biomass productivity and CO2 fixation rate include 0.185 ± 0.004 g L−1 d−1 and 0.333 ± 0.004 g L−1 d−1, respectively, at 10% (v/v) CO2 concentration and 0.084 ± 0.003 g L−1 d−1 and 0.155 ± 0.003 g L−1 d−1, respectively, at 5% (v/v) CO2 concentration. The biochemical compositions, such as carbohydrate, proteins, and lipid content, were estimated in the algal biomass produced from CO2 mitigation studies. The maximum carbohydrate, proteins, and lipid content were obtained as 20.7 ± 2.4%, 32.2 ± 2.5%, and 42 ± 1.0%, respectively, at 10% (v/v) CO2 concentration. Chlorophyll (Chl) a and b were determined in algal biomass as an algal physiological response. The results obtained in the present study are compared with the previous studies reported in the literature, which indicated the feasibility of the scale-up of the process for the source reduction of CO2 generated from waste management systems without significant change in productivity. The present work emphasizes the cross-disciplinary approach for the development of bio-mitigation of CO2 in the loop photobioreactor.
Bioremediation of cadmium by metal resistant strain of Cyanobacteria
(Scientific Publisher, 2002) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Characterization of metal and antibiotic resistance in a bacterial population isolated from a Copper mining industry
(IJIB, 2009-05-05) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
The emergence of multiple metal/antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations poses a potential threat to human health. The co-existence of metal/antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains suggests the role of metals as a factor which can also contribute to such a phenomenon. The objective of this study is to characterize multiple metal/antibiotic resistant bacteria from the soil and water samples of a copper mining industry. A total of 24 strains (12 Gram-positive and 12 Gram-negative bacteria) were identified by the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Out of the 24 bacterial isolates, 9 isolates show multiple metal and antibiotics resistance. These strains were screened to find the presence of an endogenous plasmid DNA. One strain, Bacillus sp. (PRS3) was found to have a plasmid DNA of 4.2 kb that could replicate in both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Thus, it can be predicted that metal pollution results in selective pressure that leads to the development of multiple metal/antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations, probably through horizontal gene transfer.
Co-production of biodiesel and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) from microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MCC34
(Taylor & Francis, 2018-08-27) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Microalgae are a potential source of biofuel and nutraceuticals. In the present study, Desmodesmussp. MCC34 was identified as a promising species for biodiesel and omega-3 fatty acid productions after initial screening since it had displayed the highest lipid productivity of 15.9 mg L−1 day−1 and alpha-linolenic acid of 24% of total fatty acids. Using silver ion chromatography, 92% of pure alpha-linolenic acid was selectively removed from total lipid of Desmodesmussp. MCC34, while the residual oil having a higher amount of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids displayed biodiesel property adhering to international standards, suggesting fuel co-application.
Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Accumulation by Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis
(Wiley, 2008) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
The Spirulina platensis biomass was characterized for its metal accumulation as a function of pH, external metal concentration, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, effect of co-ions under free (living cells, lyophilized, and oven-dried) and immobilized (Ca-alginate and polyacrylamide gel) conditions. The maximum metal biosorption by S. platensis biomass was observed at pH 6.0 with free and immobilized biomass. The studies on equilibrium isotherm experiments showed highest maximum metal loading by living cells (181.0 ± 13.1 mg Co2+/g, 272.1 ± 29.4 mg Cu2+/g and 250.3 ± 26.4 mg Zn2+/g) followed by lyophilized (79.7 ± 9.6 mg Co2+/g, 250.0 ± 22.4 mg Cu2+/g and 111.2 ± 9.8 mg Zn2+/g) and oven-dried (25.9 ± 1.9 mg Co2+/g, 160.0 ± 14.2 mg Cu2+/g and 35.1 ± 2.7 mg Zn2+/g) biomass of S. platensis on a dry weight basis. The polyacrylamide gel (PAG) immobilization of lyophilized biomass found to be superior over Ca-alginate (Ca-Alg) and did not interfere with the S. platensis biomass biosorption capacity, yielding 25% of metal loading after PAG entrapment. The time-dependent metal biosorption in both the free and immobilized form revealed existence of two phases involving an initial rapid phase (which lasted for 1–2 min) contributing 63–77% of total biosorption, followed by a slower phase that continued for 2 h. The metal elution studies conducted using various reagents showed more than 90% elution with mineral acids, calcium salts, and Na2EDTA with free (lyophilized or oven-dried) as well as immobilized biomass. The experiments conducted to examine the suitability of PAG-immobilized S. platensis biomass over multiple cycles of Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ sorption and elution showed that the same PAG cubes can be reused for at least seven cycles with high efficiency.
Construction and Testing of EGFP Based Bacterial Biosensor for the Detection of Residual Tetracyclines in Milk and Wate
(Science Alert, 2009) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
A plasmid containing a transcriptional fusion between tetR regulated tet promoter from plasmid pOT182 and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) gene was created and was transformed into E. coli JM109 and this strain was used as whole cell bacterial biosensor for detection of tetracyclines in milk and water samples. The sensor strain E. coli JM109 (pJSKV41) was able to detect tetracycline in the range of 10-60 ng mL-1 sample and oxytetracycline in the range of 25-125 ng mL-1 of sample. When employed for detecting residual tetracyclines in pond water samples, the biosensor strain showed high sensitivity. Also the biosensor strain was able to detect residual tetracycline in goat milk even after 4 days of tetracycline treatment.
Copper toxicity and phosphate utilization in the cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola
(Springer, 1993) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Copper uptake by free and immobilized cyanobacterium
(OUP, 1989) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Copper uptake in free and immobilized cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc calcicola has been examined. The immobilized cells invariably maintained a higher profile of Cu intake rate (12.7 nmol mg−1 protein min−1) over the free cells (6.0 nmol mg−1 protein min−1). The total Cu uptake in immobilized cells was almost two and a half-times more than their free cell counterpart under identical experimental conditions. Also, the immobilized cells showed a stronger positive correlation between Cu adsorption and uptake. The results have been discussed in terms of improved metabolic efficiency of immobilized cells.
Cu2+ Removal and recovery by Spi SORB: batch stirred and up-flow packed bed columnar reactor systems
(Springer, 2006) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
The biosorption of Cu2+ by free and poly acrylamide gel (PAG) immobilized Spirulina platensis (SpiSORB) was characterized under batch and continuous packed bed columnar reaction systems. The biosorption of Cu2+ was shown to be highest at pH of 6.0 for both types of biomass. The PAG immobilization process did not interfere with the Cu2+ binding sites present on biomass leading to cent percent (ca. 250 mg g−1 of dry biomass) retention of biosorption as compared to free cells. Transmission electron microscopy on Cu2+ localization revealed that majority of metal is being sequestered by the cell wall only. The infrared spectrum of metal treated S. platensis biomass indicated the possible involvement of amide, amino, and carboxyl groups in metal binding. Up-flow packed bed columnar reactor containing 2.0 g of PAG immobilized S. platensis shown a maximum of 143-fold volume reduction factor at the residence time of 4.6 min for Cu2+ alone and found to decrease dramatically when Zn2+ is present in a bimetallic solution.
Decolourization of Orange G Dye by Microalgae Acutodesmus obliquues Strain PSV2 Isolated from Textile Industrial Site
(IJASB, 2013-12) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
Release of different types of synthetic dyes into the aquatic environment by various industrial sources is a major area of concern worldwide due to their low biodegradable nature. Conventional methods of dye removal are effective but high operating cost and energy requirement, generation of toxic sludge and regeneration problem of adsorbent limits their use at large scale. Biosorption of dye molecules by microorganisms is an economic and eco friendly technology for the treatment of textile wastewater.
Development of fluorescent aptasensor for detection of acephate by utilizing graphene oxide platform
(Elsevier, 2023-01) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
A fluorescent graphene oxide based aptasensing platform was developed for the detection of acephate. The aptamers specific to the acephate were screened through GO-SELEX (Graphene Oxide - Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) method for six rounds. The screened aptamers were analyzed for their binding affinity and specificity by using fluorescence-based assay. The aptamer AAPT3 that demonstrated highest affinity (Kd = 9 ± 1 nM) and an excellent selectivity, was employed in the development of fluorescent aptasensor. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor showed low limit of detection (4 ng mL−1) and a wide dynamic linear range (5–80 ng mL−1). The aptasensor was also validated against water samples spiked with acephate, which showed fluorescence recovery from 94 to 107% and coefficient of variation 1–5%. These results indicate that the developed aptasensor can be used for sensitive, selective, and accurate detection of acephate in various samples.
Differential expression of proteins in Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR-3 under arsenate stress
(Wiley, 2021-01) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
This study focuses on analyzing the protein expression pattern of intracellular proteins when Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR-3 exposed to 300 mM of arsenate to find out the proteins that are overexpressed or exclusively expressed in response to arsenate. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of protein expression at different time intervals showed the highest number of protein bands (14) that are overexpressed at 8 h of the time interval. It was also observed that treatment with at least 200 mM of As(V) is required to induce a difference in protein expression. Two-dimensional (2D)-PAGE analysis of 8-h sample exhibited 146 unique spots, 45 underexpressed, and 46 overexpressed spots in arsenate-treated sample. Based on the highest percent volume and fold change, three unique spots and one overexpressed spot were selected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis followed by the MASCOT search. These proteins were identified as ribosome-recycling factor (20.13 kDa), polyphosphate:ADP/GDP phosphotransferase (40.88 kDa), ribonuclease P protein component (14.96 kDa) and cobalt-precorrin-5B C(1)-methyltransferase (38.43 kDa) with MASCOT score of 54, 81, 94, and 100, respectively. All of these proteins help the bacteria to overcome arsenate stress.