Browsing by Author "Yenuganti, Sujan"

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Analysis of angular position, dimension and material of a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Yenuganti, Sujan
The performance of an angular vibrating single piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester in a flexural mode was analyzed. In this research the approaches of theory, finite element, and experiment have been undertaken to study the effects of angular position, mechanical properties, and dimensions on the output power and resonance frequency of a piezoelectric cantilever beam. The phase shift is an important phenomenon observed in this system because of the angular position of the beam about its longitudinal axis. Frequency shift due to the angular position is usually observed in experiments. However, it has not been studied theoretically until now. The angular position not only affects the resonance frequency but also the amount of output power from the lead zirconate titanate ceramic bonded on it. Furthermore, beam and piezoelectric dimensions have a major effect on power output and resonance frequency. Another aspect considered in this research is the effect of materials on power and frequency which have been studied for aluminum, copper, and steel.
Design and Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Boiler Temperature Control using LabView
(IEEE, 2023-01) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paperwork aims design, implementation of fuzzy logic controller for controlling of water in the tank using LABVIEW software. This system mainly contains the single tank, Resistance Temperature Detector sensor and myrio. The signal from the temperature sensor is transmitted to LABVIEW software via myrio interface, connected to the system. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) algorithm is designed using knowledge-based inference engine, which can be used to replace the conventional controllers tuning parameters using analytical equations. The performing of fuzzy logic controller for controlling the temperature has been explored in detail. It provides a improved response, and quickly tracks the set point. FLC functions well with the system involved uncertainties, noise at sensory signal. This developed FLC could also be used to measure several variables like temperature at industrial applications.
Design and modelling of a micro resonant pressure sensor
(Springer, 2016-02) Yenuganti, Sujan
A silicon island compliant mechanism supported frequency tunable resonating beam based micro pressure sensor is proposed in this work. The sensor consists of a silicon frame with silicon islands supporting a silicon nitride resonating beam placed diagonally on the island in a square diaphragm made of silicon. The analytical model of the sensor is developed by modelling the diaphragm having islands as non uniform sections and the resonating beam under axial tensile load. The sensor is numerically modelled and its dimensions are optimized using MEMS CAD Tool COVENTORWARE. The performance of the proposed sensor is evaluated through simulation for a pressure range of 0–20 bar. The results demonstrate that the sensor is linear and its characteristics obtained from the analytical and numerical model are in close agreement. The sensitivity of the sensor is compared with the sensitivity of a sensor having islands and the resonating beam placed between two opposite sides of the diaphragm and found to have 5 % increment in sensitivity.
Design and Simulation of a Differential Resonant Pressure Sensor
(IEEE, 2023) Yenuganti, Sujan
Pressure is one of the critical physical attributes that need to be continuously monitored, accurately measured, and recorded in most of manufacturing industries. This paper proposed a novel depiction of a differential resonant-based pressure sensor with a circular diaphragm and boss structure for gauging pressure in the range of 0–10 bar. The applied pressure is converted into a differential frequency signal at the two beams having one edge rigidly fixed and the other one, connected to a central structure which is coupled to the boss structure of the diaphragm. Both the analytical and numerical modeling were performed on the sensor design. Optimum sensor dimensions were scaled during numerical simulation in such a way that the diaphragm bestows maximum deflection when pressure is applied to it. The differential arrangement of the beams also helps in maintaining their stability for any ambient temperature divergence. Analytical model results performed using MATLAB were also found to be in accordance with the numerical simulation done on COMSOL Multiphysics. Stainless steel was used as the material for the simulations and was also intended to be the material for the fabrication of the sensor. Using stainless steel as the fabricating material and the sensor’s self-packaging design gives it the ability to perform well even at high temperatures and also provides protection from general corrosive environments
Design and simulation of a resonance-based MEMS viscosity sensor
(Springer, 2023-11) Yenuganti, Sujan
The paper presents the design and simulation of a MEMS-based resonant viscosity sensor using a piezoelectric micro diaphragm. The sensor comprises a vibrating diaphragm as a resonating element with piezoelectric excitation and detection. As the viscosity of the liquid beneath the diaphragm changes, the resonant frequency also changes. A numerical model of a diaphragm is designed in the COMSOL Multiphysics FEM tool, and its resonance characteristics were studied with a fluid of different viscosities beneath it. To support the numerical simulation results, mesoscale experimentation was also performed using a stainless steel thin sheet as a diaphragm and also to verify the proof of concept of the proposed sensor. The major benefit of the proposed sensor is that it uses the resonance measurement principle and can be shown to offer good stable performance, resolution, reliability, and response time. The proposed sensor can also be showcased as a hand-held laboratory product for quick viscosity measurements
Design and Simulation of Digital Output MEMS Pressure Sensor
(Springer, 2020-05) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper presents the design and simulation of a MEMS pressure sensor with a digital output for measuring pressure in the range of 0–1 bar. The sensor uses the diaphragm deflection and a simple mechanical structure to convert the applied pressure to a logic digital output. Three different designs of the sensor have been proposed with square and circular diaphragms. The first design uses ten different sized square diaphragms on the same substrate to get a resolution of 0.1 bar. The second design uses a single square diaphragm instead of ten to get the same resolution. The third design also uses a single circular diaphragm with a central boss structure, which reduces the deflection nonlinearity at low pressures. Analytical analysis was carried out for all the diaphragm deflections, and the results are supported by numerical simulations carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics tool. The proposed sensor can operate on 5 V which suits well with conventional CMOS logic. The direct digital output from the pressure sensor makes its useful in wide variety of applications.
Design and simulation of piezoelectric MEMS logic gates
(Taylor & Francis, 2023-01) Yenuganti, Sujan
In this article, MEMS-based logic gates such as OR, AND, NOT, NOR, and NAND gates with functionalities similar to the electronic digital devices are designed and simulated. The key feature of these logic devices is that the mechanical cantilever structure of the basic piezo-actuator is adapted to operate like a particular digital logic gate based on the digital inputs. Complete analytical modelling for a single piezo-actuator with a correlation between its out-of-plane tip deflection with applied voltage is obtained. The proposed digital logic devices are further validated through simulation using the MEMS CAD tool CoventorWare.
Design and testing of piezoelectric resonant pressure sensor
(Elsevier, 2016-10) Yenuganti, Sujan
A stainless steel resonant pressure sensor with a new design is proposed with piezoelectric excitation and detection. The sensor consists of a sensing diaphragm, inclined trusses, vertical mounts and a resonating beam. The deflection of the diaphragm is transferred to the resonating beam via specially designed inclined trusses and vertical mounts. The analytical model of the sensor is developed using Ritz method and direct stiffness method for the non uniform sensing diaphragm and resonating beam respectively. The relation between strain due to applied pressure and change in the resonance frequency is derived. The sensor is also modelled numerically using MEMS CAD Tool CoventorWare. The sensor is fabricated with three different grades of stainless steel namely SS 304, SS 431, 15-5 PH, using Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) and wire cut EDM process. The sensors are tested for its characteristics for an input pressure of 0–25 bar. The sensor fabricated using 15-5 PH is found to have good linearity, repeatability, higher sensitivity and low hysteresis compared to the sensors fabricated with SS 304 and SS 431. The sensor design is simple, fabrication involves well known machining process, self packed and hence cost effective.
Design, Modeling, and Experiment of a Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor Based on a Thickness-Shear-Mode Crystal Resonator
(IEEE, 2017-11) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental demonstration of a novel pressure sensor using an AT-cut quartz crystal resonator with beat frequency analysis-based temperature compensation technique. The combination of a compact design of the proposed pie-zoelectric crystal resonator structure and temperature compensation technique has advantages such as high accuracy, low cost, and good performance attributes. The sensor measures pressure and temperature simultaneously with a single AT-cut quartz resonator, thus avoiding the thermal lag problem in the commercial multiresonator-based pressure sensors. The pressure sensor is designed using computer-aided design software and CAE software (COMSOL Multiphysics). Finite-element analysis (FEA) of the pressure sensor is performed to analyze the stress-strain of the sensor's mechanical structure. A 3-D-printing prototype of the sensor was fabricated, and the sensing principle was verified using a force-frequency analysis apparatus. Subsequently, a full-up pressure sensor was fabricated with a stainless steel housing and a built-in crystal oscillator circuit. Based on the FEA and experimental results, we have determined that the maximum pressure the sensor can safely measure is 45 psi. Test results performed on the stainless steel product show a good linear relationship between the input (pressure) and the output (frequency).
A Differential Hall Effect Based Pressure Sensor
(Springer, 2021-01) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper presents the design and simulation of a pressure sensor integrated with two identical hall effect sensors and permanent magnets arranged in a differential configuration for measuring pressure in the range of 0–20 bar. The sensor uses the deflection of a circular diaphragm with a simple rigid mechanical structure to convert the applied pressure to a differential hall voltage output. A complete analytical modelling was carried out by assuming the rigid mechanical structure as a central circular boss structure on the circular diaphragm. Numerical simulations were also carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics FEM tool to support the analytical results. Before going for actual fabrication, the optimum sensor dimensions were also fixed from both analytical modelling and numerical simulation analysis. The sensor was planned to be fabricated completely using different grades of stainless steel and hence can be used in high temperature and corrosive environments. The fabricated sensor can be of low cost, self-packaged and the differential arrangement helps in compensating for any ambient temperature variations.
Experimental Analysis and Optimal Control of PZT Based Cantilever Beam Using Fuzzy-PID Controllers
(IEEE, 2022) Yenuganti, Sujan
In this study experimental analysis and control of a PZT based cantilever is performed using Fuzzy-PID controllers. Two PZT patches were attached to the rigid end of the Cantilever beam out of which one was used as an actuator and another PZT was used as a sensor. The sensor input was provided to a computer using an NI DAQ card. The sensor signal was received by the computer through LABVIEW software where the control algorithms using PID and Fuzzy-PID controller were designed. At the rigid end of the cantilever beam, a magnet was attached and an electromagnet was used as a controller for controlling the vibrations. The vibration suppression was done at the first order mode frequency of the cantilever beam and both PID and fuzzy-PID controllers show good suppression of the vibrations. However, the results show that fuzzy-PID controllers have better characteristics than PID control.
Experimental studies on dynamic response of piezoelectric based hemispherical resonator gyroscope
(Emerald, 2024-08) Rao, Venkatesh K. P.; Yenuganti, Sujan
This work measures the performance characteristics of a hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) and compares it with a numerical model. This work we explore the optical and piezoelectric measurement methods to determine the resonant frequency of HRG. These experimental results are compared with their numerically obtained values. To explore the performance characteristics, the effect of varying actuation voltages on the sense mode displacement and the piezoelectric sensor output was studied in the absence of input angular rate. The structure was then subjected to range of angular rate signals, at a constant actuation voltage and the corresponding sensor response was analysed.
Fabrication and testing of a Hall effect based pressure sensor
(Emerald, 2022-04) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper aims to present the fabrication and testing of a pressure sensor integrated with Hall effect sensors and permanent magnets arranged in two configurations to measure pressure in the range of 0–1 bar. The sensor is fabricated using stainless steel (SS) and can be used in high-temperature and highly corrosive environments. The fabricated sensor is of low cost, self-packaged and the differential arrangement helps in compensating for any ambient temperature variations.
Identification of Fake Indian Currency Using Deep Learning Techniques
(IEEE, 2023) Yenuganti, Sujan
This article suggests employing deep learning methodologies to automatically identify counterfeit banknotes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are employed to extract distinctive characteristics of Indian currency notes. These attributes are subsequently inputted into another CNN to determine if the money is authentic or counterfeit. Various techniques have been utilized to identify counterfeit objects; however, they often depend on machinery and equipment, which can be less effective and time-consuming. This research presents a hybrid strategy utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Vgg16 model to accurately detect counterfeit cash. This system uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Vgg16 to identify counterfeit cash by analyzing its width, colors, and serial numbers. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a dataset comprising authentic and forged cash notes. This technology surpasses conventional detection methods in terms of accuracy and precision. The result will determine whether the Indian rupee note is genuine or counterfeit. The suggested model effectively identifies counterfeit Indian rupee notes by utilizing Convolutional Neural Network and Vgg16 algorithms, resulting in accuracies of 98.3% and 98.8% respectively. The integration of our proposed technology into current systems will bolster the security of banknotes and effectively safeguard against counterfeiting.
Implementation of Wired and IoT Based Wireless Transmitters for a Pressure Sensor
(IEEE, 2023-02) Yenuganti, Sujan
In this paper, a wired and wireless transmitter for two different designs of hall effect-based pressure sensors are designed and experimentally tested. A wired transmitter is designed by converting the actual sensor output to a 1-5V range using a signal conditioning circuit, followed by a voltage-to-current (V-I) converter to convert the signal conditioning circuit output to a 4-20 mA current signal which can be transmitted to any remote indicator without any data loss. A wireless transmitter is also designed with the same signal conditioning circuit and a Wi-Fi module to transmit the pressure sensor data wirelessly to the IoT cloud server. The Blynk IoT console is used as a server to access the transmitted data through a PC/laptop connected to the Internet. The linearity as % deviation and % error of the V-I converter is calculated for wired transmission and the mismatch between transmitted and received data is also found for the wireless transmission for both sensor designs. The proposed transmitters are of low cost, and simple in design, and the pressure sensor data can be transmitted in real-time using both wired and wireless modes.
Improved energy harvesting from a clamped–clamped micro beam with cavity
(Springer, 2020-11) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper presents modelling and numerical evaluation of a piezo electrically excited clamped–clamped micro beam (CCMB) with cavity as a vibrational energy harvester. The harvester micro beam is made to vibrate at resonance by piezoelectric excitation to resemble the ambient vibration conditions. The generated voltage from the CCMB with cavity is found to be higher when compared to a similar CCMB without cavity. An analytical expression for the output voltage is derived for a particular actuation voltage at resonance and further analysis is also carried out by varying the position and thickness of the cavity to extract maximum output voltage from the CCMB harvester with and without cavity. The analytical results are well supported by numerical simulation results that are carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics FEM tool. The introduction of cavity in CCMB increases the generated peak output voltage when compared with CCMB without cavity. The proposed CCMB harvester design with cavity can also be replaced by bridge resonators in various MEMS/NEMS based sensors with piezoelectric excitation and detection.
An integrated method for identifying liver tumors utilizing convolutional neural networks and residual networks
(AIP, 2025-07) Yenuganti, Sujan
The liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the belly. The liver performs essential tasks such as filtering blood, detoxifying chemicals, and metabolizing drugs and alcohol. Tumors develop as a result of an increase in cell proliferation. Metastatic liver cancers are the most common type. Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for one million out of the total two million liver disorders that result in fatalities annually. The incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are projected to increase by 55% by the year 2040. This would classify it as the third most prevalent cancer globally and one of the top five most severe cancers in 90 nations. A study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) was published in the Journal of Hepatology in October 2022. Medical imaging techniques can be used to identify the presence of these abnormalities, and a liver biopsy is performed to definitively establish the diagnosis. This paper presents a novel crossover technique that utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Residual Networks (Resnet) to precisely identify liver cancers. This study presents a new approach for predicting lung cancer using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that incorporates modification injection and deep learning-validated features. Picture analysis utilizes modern techniques such as deep learning and image processing. CNN-learned hierarchical features aid in the diagnosis of lung tumors by detecting and analyzing intricate patterns and textures. One of the model’s important features is the utilization of extensive image datasets to facilitate transfer learning on pre-trained models. The technique improves and eliminates noise from photographs of the skin. The skin ailment is classified using the Softmax Classifier after extracting visual features using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The device has the ability to rapidly categorize skin conditions with an accuracy rate over 95%.
IoMT and DNN-Enabled Drone-Assisted Covid-19 Screening and Detection Framework for Rural Areas
(IEEE, 2021-06) Bitragunta, Sainath; Chamola, Vinay; Mishra, Puneet; Yenuganti, Sujan
Providing rapid testing and proper treatment has become highly challenging due to the rapid and highly unpredictable spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In most developing countries, rural areas lack adequate medical facilities and medical staff for effective diagnosis and treatment. Recently, there have been several technological advancements across various engineering disciplines such as the Internet of Things, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones, deep neural networks (DNNs), and intelligent robots. This work proposes a prototype that integrates these technologies to develop a payload deployable in a drone to help in providing rapid testing and healthcare. The proposed UAV prototype combines secure patient authentication, an automated disinfection system, and medical sensors as part of the UAV payload. It uses a DNN model for real-time COVID-19 detection. It uses intelligent flight path planning, operational management, battery recharge planning, disinfectant refilling, and strategic location planning to quickly disseminate testing kits and essential medical services to remote locations without direct human involvement.
Langasite crystal based pressure sensor with temperature compensation
(Elsevier, 2018-10) Yenuganti, Sujan
This paper presents the design and testing of a new pressure sensor utilizing a doubly rotated cut piezoelectric langasite (LGS) crystal resonator with temperature compensation. The sensor can measure temperature and pressure simultaneously by using the dual mode nature of the doubly rotated cut langasite resonator (SBTC). The sensor is designed using CAD software, fabricated and tested experimentally in the laboratory for a pressure range from 0 to 45 PSI. Before fabrication the sensing principle was verified performing a force frequency analysis on the langasite resonator using a special apparatus. The experimental results on the sensor show a good linear relationship between applied pressure and C-mode frequency. Temperature compensation is also achieved by utilizing the dual mode behavior of the LGS crystal resonator. The comparison between our experiment and Peer’s theoretical modelling results shows a reasonable consistency. The sensor structure is very compact, robust, low cost and temperature compensation can be achieved at high temperatures particularly in nuclear applications.
Micro pressure sensor with three degrees of freedom resonator
(Springer, 2016-08) Yenuganti, Sujan
In this paper a micro pressure sensor having three degrees of freedom (DOF) resonating beam is proposed. The sensor comprises of a silicon square diaphragm, silicon frame with islands supporting a 3 DOF resonating beam made of silicon nitride. The analytical model of the non uniform diaphragm with islands as non uniform segment is designed and developed. The dimensions of the diaphragm and islands are optimized for linearity, high sensitivity and high stress distribution at free edges of the island for the applied input pressure range of 0–20 bar. The 3 DOF resonator and the resonator integrated with diaphragm are modelled numerically in COMSOL and CoventorWare respectively. Sensitivity analysis is carried out using analytical and numerical model and the proposed pressure sensor with 3 DOF resonator is found to have 5 % higher sensitivity as compared to the pressure sensor designed with single DOF resonating beam.