Department of Pharmacy

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Author: search.filters.author.Jain, AnkitSubject: search.filters.subject.Pharmacy

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    Protein and peptide delivery by chitosan systems
    (Elsevier, 2022) Jain, Ankit
    Chitin is the most abundant amino-polysaccharide polymer found in nature. Chitosan is the main derivative of chitin, which is obtained from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Because chitosan has some limitations, chitosan derivatives (i.e., trimethyl chitosan and thiolated chitosan) are successfully employed to develop delivery systems for the administration of proteins. These polymers have mucoadhesive characteristics and penetration potential, so they have been effectively used to deliver proteins. Peptides or proteins as therapeutics are structurally and chemically labile substances. Parenteral is the preferred route for administering proteins and peptides. Besides parenteral route, other routes such as the oral, nasal, and pulmonary routes are also attracting the researchers for the administration of these biotherapeutics. Peptide and protein containing chitosan-based delivery systems improve cellular uptake and absorption across the mucosal sites. Because of their mucoadhesive nature, chitosan and its derivatives have the potential to open tight junctions between epithelial cells, resulting in enhanced penetration. Different chitosan-based delivery systems such as microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes have been extensively used to deliver proteins. This chapter provides an overview of chitosan-based polymers for the preparation of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The physicochemical characteristics of these different carrier systems as well as their applications in protein and peptide administration through parenteral and other types of administration are discussed
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    Environmental stimuli-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers in therapeutics
    (Elsevier, 2022) Jain, Ankit
    Environmental stimuli-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers (SSCNs) have attracted attention in the area of cancer chemotherapy. Chitosan is the most commonly used natural polymer obtained by the deacetylation of chitin. It is a polymer suitable for therapeutic applications owing to its distinctive characteristics including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. Chitosan consists of amino and hydroxyl groups that can be used chemically to provide stimuli-sensitive characteristics that have promising applications in the field of nanobiomedicines. It is employed for the fabrication of several nanocarriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, niosomes, micelles, and microparticles. The versatile features of chitosan, such as mucoadhesion, better transfection, in situ gelation, enhancement of absorption, and permeation, have made it a promising candidate for drug delivery. This chapter discusses different types of stimulus-sensitive chitosan nanocarriers (temperature, pH, ultrasound, redox, photo, and magnetic field) along with drug release mechanisms. This strategy is used to deliver therapeutic agent(s) at the target site, which enhances the therapeutic effects with less side effects related to the drug(s). Environmental SSCNs could be a potential approach to future clinical applications
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    Role of caveolin-eNOS platform and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in abrogated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in postmenopausal
    (SciELO, 2022) Jain, Ankit
    Caveolin, the protein of the caveolar membrane, interacts and binds with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), forming a caveolin-eNOS complex leading to suppression of the eNOS activity. Caveolin, therefore, maintains eNOS in the inactivated state leading to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Ischemic preconditioning disrupts the caveolin-eNOS complex leading to activation of the eNOS and thus results in cardioprotection. During ischemic preconditioning, NO produces cardioprotection by the opening of the KATP channel, and the caveolin forms a suitable signalling platform facilitating the interaction of NO with the KATP channel. Estrogen deficiency has been reported to upregulate caveolin-1 expression. The article aims to review the various mechanisms that placed the women at the risk of coronary artery diseases after postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and their role in the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning
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    Challenges and preventive interventions in covid-19 transmission through domestic chemistry hygiene
    (Wiley, 2023-09) Jain, Ankit
    The threat to health and social life resulting due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the leading cause of pandemic affecting millions of the population worldwide and has influenced people to maintain hygiene conditions all around. The use of toilets and bathrooms has become a controversial topic. Fecal-based transmission in COVID-19 begets from hidden colloidal bioaerosols produced after flushing the toilet, which generates turbulence expelling aerosol into the surrounding area which lands on various surfaces. The virus is found to remain suspended in the air, which can affect the person around it and also settles on various colloid surfaces, which facilitates the transmission cycle from feces to the surface to body parts and eventually to the oral and nasal cavity. Moreover, untreated wastewater is turning out to be a major key point for the spread of the virus. This review investigates risks associated with the use of the toilet by an infected person. The vulnerability of common use of the toilet in various domains at public places, hospitals, airplanes, and even at homes, along with transmission via bioaerosolization has also been focused on in this chapter. It also analyzes all the possibilities of protection and also application of design solutions such as a smart sensor to maintain hygienic and sanitized conditions. Some inexpensive interventions are also introduced to prevent transmission in personal settings. These have been brought forth to pave new horizons for impeding the transmission of COVID-19
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    Opportunities in combinational chemo-immunotherapy for breast cancer using nanotechnology: an emerging landscape
    (Taylor & Francis, 2022-02) Jain, Ankit
    Breast carcinoma (BC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death among women, which is due to the poor response to conventional therapy. There are several complications associated with monotherapy for cancer, such as cytotoxicity to normal cells, multidrug resistance (MDR), side effects, and limited applications. To overcome these challenges, a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (monoclonal antibodies, anticancer vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and cytokines) has been introduced. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology have more applications in BC treatment owing to their controlled and targeted drug release with lower toxicity and reduced adverse drug effects. Several nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and micelles, have been used for the effective delivery of drugs.
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    Liposomal delivery system
    (Springer, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
    Liposomes are biodegradable and biocompatible lipid bilayer vesicles that are employed as potential carriers for the delivery of drugs to the desired site. It is used for the delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Because of the variability in composition and structural properties, liposomes are widely used in biomedical applications. Recently, multifunctional liposomes have been reported for tumor targeting. Liposomal delivery systems are modified in several ways according to their applications. Ligand-modified liposomes are used for targeted drug delivery. Stimuli-sensitive liposomes are used to obtain the trigger drug release at the site of action. Theranostic liposomal systems are used for diagnosis as well as therapeutic purposes. This chapter highlights the basics and classification of liposomes. It encompasses a detailed account of ligand targeted liposomes (such as folate, transferrin, mannose, hyaluronic acid, and asialoglycoprotein), and stimuli-sensitive liposomes (such as pH, temperature, magnetic field, hypoxia, and photo-triggered) for tumor targeting. It also includes some marketed liposomal products used for cancer treatment
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    Determination of oxaliplatin and curcumin in combination via micellar HPLC and its method validation
    (OUP, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
    A micellar-HPLC method was developed for the determination of oxaliplatin (OHP) and curcumin (CUR) employing a C18 column [4.6 × 250 mm, particle size (dp)  = 5 µm] and diode array detector.
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    A glimpse of biomedical application potential of biodegradable polymers for anticancer drug delivery
    (Elsevier, 2022) Jain, Ankit
    The major anticancer drugs used for cancer therapy show nonspecificity, wide biodistribution, a short half-life, a low concentration in tumor tissue, and systemic toxicity. The biodegradable polymer can be used as an approach that acts as a drug carrier, offering a targeted drug delivery and increasing the drug payload to the tumor tissues and cells. It also enhances biocompatibility, provides prolonged release of the drug allowing controlled and sustained release, and minimizes systemic toxicity. This chapter focuses on targeted drug delivery through a stimuli-responsive drug carrier that releases its payload at the specified site and on demand in response to an external stimulus. It also emphasizes various applications of biodegradable polymers in breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and uterine cancer with special emphasis on theranostic applications.
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    Biomedical applications of nano-biosensor
    (Springer, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
    Nano-biosensors have wide applications in several fields as they impart sensitivity, effectiveness, portability, compatibility, stability, viability, flexibility, and reliability. Indeed, the emergence of new techniques in biotechnology, custom-made bio-elements, and their biocompatibility, and nanotechnology played a fundamental role in the designing of nanocomposite biosensors. Therefore, nano-bio sensors have tremendous opportunities in biomedicine, healthcare (lab-o-chip diagnosis, patient’s drug compliance), personalized medicine, biotechnology, drug delivery, food processing industry, microbiology, agriculture, and defense services also. Now, traditional medical practices can be explored and advanced more with nano-biosensors by facilitating early ultrasensitive diagnosis, extended monitoring of disease biomarkers, diagnosis, treatment, in point-of-care devices and at-home healthcare instrumentation, and in timely therapy decisions. While compiling this chapter, the focus was placed on highlighted up-to-date research and commercialization of nano-biosensors in the biomedical area.
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    An exhaustive comprehension of the role of herbal medicines in Pre- and Post-COVID manifestations
    (Elsevier, 2022-10) Jain, Ankit
    The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has relentlessly spread all over the world even after the advent of vaccines. It demands management, treatment, and prevention as well with utmost safety and effectiveness. It is well researched that herbal medicines or natural products have shown promising outcomes to strengthen immunity with antiviral potential against SARS-COV-2. Aim of the review: Our objective is to provide a comprehensive insight into the preventive and therapeutic effects of herbal medicines and products (Ayurvedic) for pre-and post-COVID manifestations.