Department of Pharmacy
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Item Therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbial health: Approaches for sarcopenia management(University of Murcia, 2024) Shrivastava, RichaSarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle and functions associated with ageing with currently no definitive treatment. Alterations in gut microbial composition have emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Recently, its association with muscle health has pointed to its potential role in mediating sarcopenia. The current review focuses on the association of gut microbiota and mediators of muscle health, connecting the dots between the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on biomarkers of sarcopenia. It further delineates the mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects muscle health with progressing age, aiding the formulation of a multi-modal treatment plan involving nutritional supplements and pharmacological interventions along with lifestyle changes compiled in the review. Nutritional supplements containing proteins, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, curcumin, kefir, and ursolic acid positively impact the gut microbiome. Dietary fibres foster a conducive environment for the growth of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus. Probiotics and prebiotics act by protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. They also increase the production of gut microbiota metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which aid in improving muscle health. Foods rich in polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and have an antioxidant effect, contributing to a healthier gut. Pharmacological interventions like faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ghrelin mimetics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and butyrate precursors lead to the production of anti-inflammatory fatty acids and regulate appetite, gut motility, and microbial impact on gut health. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and muscle health for developing therapeutic strategies for ameliorating sarcopenic muscle loss.Item Epigenetics in neurodegeneration: emerging biomarkers and translational insights(Elsevier, 2025-12) Taliyan, RajeevNeurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington’s disease (HD), are characterized by progressive neuronal loss leading to cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. Despite available interventions such as medications, physical therapy, and surgery, effective disease-modifying therapies remain elusive, with most treatments limited to symptom management. The multifactorial etiology of NDDs involves genetic, environmental, and increasingly recognized epigenetic factors that alter gene expression and drive disease onset and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling play central roles in neuronal development, brain aging, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances highlight the potential of epigenetic biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools, enabling early detection, monitoring of disease progression, and evaluation of therapeutic response. Protein- and microRNA-based biomarkers in biofluids, including blood and cerebrospinal fluid, provide promising insights into disease pathology and may support precision medicine approaches. This review explores current progress in identifying and validating epigenetic biomarkers and discusses their therapeutic implications, underscoring their transformative potential for improving diagnosis and treatment strategies in NDDs.Item Therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbial health: approaches for sarcopenia management(2024) Shrivastava, RichaSarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle and functions associated with ageing with currently no definitive treatment. Alterations in gut microbial composition have emerged as a significant contributor to the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. Recently, its association with muscle health has pointed to its potential role in mediating sarcopenia. The current review focuses on the association of gut microbiota and mediators of muscle health, connecting the dots between the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on biomarkers of sarcopenia. It further delineates the mechanism by which the gut microbiota affects muscle health with progressing age, aiding the formulation of a multi-modal treatment plan involving nutritional supplements and pharmacological interventions along with lifestyle changes compiled in the review. Nutritional supplements containing proteins, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, curcumin, kefir, and ursolic acid positively impact the gut microbiome. Dietary fibres foster a conducive environment for the growth of beneficial microbes such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus. Probiotics and prebiotics act by protecting against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines. They also increase the production of gut microbiota metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which aid in improving muscle health. Foods rich in polyphenols are anti-inflammatory and have an antioxidant effect, contributing to a healthier gut. Pharmacological interventions like faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ghrelin mimetics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and butyrate precursors lead to the production of anti-inflammatory fatty acids and regulate appetite, gut motility, and microbial impact on gut health. Further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and muscle health for developing therapeutic strategies for ameliorating sarcopenic muscle loss.