Department of Pharmacy

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Nanotechnology

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    Can breakthroughs in dermal and transdermal macromolecule delivery surmount existing barriers and revolutionize future therapeutics?
    (Springer, 2025-05) Mittal, Anupama; Chitkara, Deepak
    The delivery of macromolecules through dermal and transdermal routes presents both significant challenges and transformative opportunities in therapeutic applications. This review highlights the most recent advancements and innovative strategies aimed at overcoming the barriers associated with macromolecular delivery. Cutting-edge approaches such as the use of adjuvants (e.g., hyaluronic acid-based and chemical penetration enhancers), bioactive peptides with diverse functionalities, and mechanical force techniques—including iontophoresis, microneedles, and electroporation—are thoroughly explored. While various strategies have been implemented to enhance skin delivery, they often present significant challenges, particularly for macromolecules. Addressing these challenges requires integrating novel technologies and understanding the interplay between biological barriers and delivery mechanisms. Furthermore, the role of nanotechnology, through systems like nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and transferosomes, is examined for its ability to protect macromolecules and regulate their release. Notably, this review provides unique perspectives on the interplay between these strategies and their potential to revolutionise future therapeutics. By highlighting key trends and advancements in macromolecule delivery, this review underscores the importance of innovative approaches in overcoming existing barriers and enabling efficient drug administration.
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    Nanoparticle-based materials for wound management
    (Elsevier, 2024) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Nanotechnology is an approach where nanoscale materials are biomedically used for the prevention of various diseases and infections. Their smaller size and larger surface area make them appropriate for various applications. Nanomaterials have immense potential for being used intrinsically or as nanocarriers to accelerate the process of wound healing and prevent any further bacterial contamination. In recent decades, research on nano-based therapies has reduced the incidence of acute and chronic infections which may lead to life-threatening situations if left untreated. Nanomaterials exist in various forms and structures such as nanospheres, nanocolloids, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and nanocarriers, which can be fabricated using different technologies such as electrospinning and further could be potentially used as antimicrobial agents. In this chapter, we have demonstrated the advantages of using nanoparticles combined with traditional methodologies. Besides, we have elucidated the innovative strategies which use nanomaterials as either organic or inorganic nanoparticles. Further in-depth analytical reviews and future clinical experiments are necessarily required because existing wound healing therapies are not sufficient to provide excellent outcomes.
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    Biomedical applications of nano-biosensor
    (Springer, 2022-03) Jain, Ankit
    Nano-biosensors have wide applications in several fields as they impart sensitivity, effectiveness, portability, compatibility, stability, viability, flexibility, and reliability. Indeed, the emergence of new techniques in biotechnology, custom-made bio-elements, and their biocompatibility, and nanotechnology played a fundamental role in the designing of nanocomposite biosensors. Therefore, nano-bio sensors have tremendous opportunities in biomedicine, healthcare (lab-o-chip diagnosis, patient’s drug compliance), personalized medicine, biotechnology, drug delivery, food processing industry, microbiology, agriculture, and defense services also. Now, traditional medical practices can be explored and advanced more with nano-biosensors by facilitating early ultrasensitive diagnosis, extended monitoring of disease biomarkers, diagnosis, treatment, in point-of-care devices and at-home healthcare instrumentation, and in timely therapy decisions. While compiling this chapter, the focus was placed on highlighted up-to-date research and commercialization of nano-biosensors in the biomedical area.
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    Emerging trends of nanotechnology in advanced cosmetics
    (Elsevier, 2022-06) Pandey, Murali Monohar; Singhvi, Gautam
    The cosmetic industry is dynamic and ever-evolving. Especially with the introduction and incorporation of nanotechnology-based approaches into cosmetics for evincing novel formulations that confers aesthetic as well as therapeutic benefits. Nanocosmetics acts via numerous delivery mechanisms which involves lipid nanocarrier systems, polymeric or metallic nanoparticles, nanocapsules, dendrimers, nanosponges,etc. Each of these, have particular characteristic properties, which facilitates increased drug loading, enhanced absorption, better cosmetic efficacy, and many more. This article discusses the different classes of nanotechnology-based cosmetics and the nanomaterials used for their formulation, followed by outlining the categories of nanocosmetics and the scope of their utility pertaining to skin, hair, nail, lip, and/or dental care and protection thereof. This review also highlights and discusses about the key drivers of the cosmetic industry and the impending need of corroborating a healthy regulatory framework, refocusing attention towards consumer needs and trends, inculcating sustainable techniques and tenets of green ecological principles, and lastly making strides in nano-technological advancements which will further propel the growth of the cosmetic industry.
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    Multifunctional nanocrystals for cancer therapy: a potential nanocarrier
    (Elsevier, 2019) Singhvi, Gautam
    Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems offer an unprecedented opportunity for tumor targeting. Nanocrystals are carrier-free crystalline nanosized solid drug particles. Due to high drug loading (as high as 100%), and being free of organic solvents or surfactants or polymers or solubilizing chemicals, nanocrystals have attracted great attention in the field of drug delivery for treatment of various cancers. Additionally, the hybrid or multifunctional nanocrystal has been extensively investigated for applications in experimental as well as clinical settings to improve delivery efficiency of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. This review gives an overview of recent advances and current status of nanocrystals, especially with respect to the method of preparations, physicochemical characterizations, in vitro/in vivo performance, scale-up techniques and applications in the field of drug delivery for different tumor targeting. Recently much attention has been given to multifunctional nanocrystals showing the capability to codeliver multiple components that target the drug delivery by surface functionalization, performing therapy as well as diagnosis. Preparative techniques like high-pressure homogenization, precipitation, and media milling have been known to show large-scale production of nanocrystals. High therapeutic applications of nanoparticles enable its administration through various routes like oral, parenteral, pulmonary, dermal, and ocular. Along with preparation and characterization, this review will dwell on the progress involved with multifunctional nanocrystals for cancer therapy and theranostics. Most available results in multifunctional nanocrystal targeting rely upon in vitro and animal models, which do not match the actual environment of the tumor in the body, which is one of the major obstacles. Other challenges faced when it comes to nanocrystals are scale-up and reproducibility. In addition, potential problems and possible future research directions for the advancement of newer techniques of multifunctional nanocrystals that make them highly suitable for tumor targeted are highlighted in this review
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    Nanocarriers For Drug Delivery: Mini Review
    (Bentham Science, 2018) Singhvi, Gautam
    Nanocarriers have been a part of drug delivery for some decades now. Due to the enormous advantages offered by them, they are replacing the conventionally available systems.
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    Regulatory aspects in process development and scale-up of nanopharmaceuticals
    (Future Science Group, 2020-04) Singhvi, Gautam
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    The Hedgehog pathway and its inhibitors: Emerging therapeutic approaches for basal cell carcinoma
    (Elsevier, 2022-04) Singhvi, Gautam
    Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Although surgery is the first-line treatment, BCC can lead in some cases, to a metastatic or advanced form, requiring targeted combination therapies. The Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is the major pathway associated with the formation of basal carcinoma tumorigenesis, thus, targeting this is a promising therapeutic approach. Some Hh inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as vismodegib and sonidegib. However, both of these showed limited effectiveness against resistant tumors. Therefore, an essential understanding of the mechanisms involved in the Hh signaling pathway is necessary to improve tumor inhibition.
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    Molecular medicines for cancer: concepts and applications of nanotechnology
    (CRC Press, 2019) Chitkara, Deepak; Mittal, Anupama
    The field of molecular medicine covers the medical interventions targeting molecular structures and mechanisms that are involved in disease progression. In cancer, several molecular mechanisms have been shown to impact its progression, aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Increasing evidence demonstrates the role of nanotechnology and outcome of molecular therapy. Several books have discussed molecular biology and mechanisms involved in cancer, but this text gives an account of molecular therapeutics in cancer relating to advancements of nanotechnology. It provides a description of the multidisciplinary field of molecular medicines and its targeted delivery to cancer using nanotechnology. Key Features: Provides current information in the multidisciplinary field of molecular medicines and its targeted delivery to cancer using nanotechnology Presents important aspects of nanotechnology in the site-specific delivery of anticancer agents Includes up to date information on oligonucleotide and gene based therapies in cancer Describes small targeted molecules, antibodies and oligonucleotides which have shown to selectively target the molecular structures thereby influencing signal transduction Facilitates discussion between researchers involved in cancer therapy and nanoscientists
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    A Rapid and Precise Liquid Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Docetaxel in Lipid-Based Nanoformulations
    (OUP, 2018-07) Chitkara, Deepak; Mittal, Anupama
    Combinational drug delivery successfully merges the benefits of nanotechnology and combination therapy by providing diversity to improve the carrier properties and better control over tailoring them as per the need of cancer treatment. A combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agent; docetaxel (DTX) and antioxidant agent; alpha lipoic acid (ALA) which acts by preventing metastasis may fulfill idealness of control and targeted drug delivery against breast cancer. The objective of the current study is to develop a reverse-phase HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of DTX and ALA in lipid-based nanoformulations. DTX and ALA were separated on Intersil® ODS (C18) column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.5; 10 mM) (65:35% v/v) run in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method showed linearity in the concentration range of 1–15 μg/mL for DTX and 2–30 μg/mL for ALA. It can detect minimum 200 ng/mL of DTX and 500 ng/mL of ALA. The method was further successfully applied in lipid-based formulation characterization. In conclusion, a simple, accurate and precise reverse-phase HPLC-UV method was established for simultaneous determination of DTX and ALA in nanoformulations.