Department of Chemical Engineering

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    Sustainable valorization of macroalgae residual biomass, optimization of pyrolysis parameters and life cycle assessment
    (Elsevier, 2024-04) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Raghuvanshi, Smita
    The major challenges for the current climate change issue are an increase in global energy demand, a limited supply of fossil fuels, and increasing carbon footprints from fossil fuels, which have necessitated the exploration of sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Biorefineries offer a promising path to sustainable fuel production, converting biomass into biofuels using diverse technologies. Aquatic biomass, such as macroalgae in this context, represents an abundant and renewable biomass resource that can be cultivated from water bodies without competing with traditional agricultural land. Despite this, the potential of macroalgae for biofuel production remains largely untapped, with very limited studies addressing their viability and efficiency. This study investigates the efficient conversion of unexplored macroalgae biomass through a biorefinery process that involves lipid extraction to produce biodiesel, along with the production of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis of residual biomass. To improve the effectiveness and overall performance of the pyrolysis system, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized through a Box-Behnken design to systematically investigate how alterations in temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration influence the production of bio-oil and biochar to maximize their yields. The results showed the highest bio-oil yield achieved to be 36 %, while the highest biochar yield reached 45 %.
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    Sustainable use of rice husk for the cleaner production of value-added products
    (Elsevier, 2022-02) Kuncharam, Bhanu Vardhan Reddy; Srinivas, Appari
    This paper covers a comprehensive review of the thermochemical conversion of rice husk (RH) into value-added products. RH is an organic residue and is produced in large quantities in China, India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh and appears to be a viable source for value-added products from thermochemical processes. The RH properties and operating conditions affect the quality and yield of the bio-oil, gaseous, and biochar products. The conversion techniques such as gasification, slow and fast pyrolysis, and product distribution are systematically reviewed. The literature shows that the Ni-based catalysts demonstrated high activity towards cracking of tar compounds and hydrocarbons, upgraded gas quality, and yielded high hydrogen production. Zeolite-based systems are promising catalysts for the upgradation of bio-oils. Due to the structured porosity and higher acidity, the metal-loaded zeolites catalysts have shown high removal efficiency towards the oxygenated compounds. RH ash is also used as an alternative cementitious material in the construction sector. The optimum level of cement replacement with RH ash in concrete is 15–20%, and higher compressive strength is witnessed for RH ash used concrete than conventional cement concrete. RH ash utilization for soil remediation and blended cement production are also discussed. A sustainable framework has been proposed for the utilization of RH in the chemical and construction sectors.