Department of Chemical Engineering

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    Sustainable valorization of macroalgae residual biomass, optimization of pyrolysis parameters and life cycle assessment
    (Elsevier, 2024-04) Sangwan, Kuldip Singh; Raghuvanshi, Smita
    The major challenges for the current climate change issue are an increase in global energy demand, a limited supply of fossil fuels, and increasing carbon footprints from fossil fuels, which have necessitated the exploration of sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Biorefineries offer a promising path to sustainable fuel production, converting biomass into biofuels using diverse technologies. Aquatic biomass, such as macroalgae in this context, represents an abundant and renewable biomass resource that can be cultivated from water bodies without competing with traditional agricultural land. Despite this, the potential of macroalgae for biofuel production remains largely untapped, with very limited studies addressing their viability and efficiency. This study investigates the efficient conversion of unexplored macroalgae biomass through a biorefinery process that involves lipid extraction to produce biodiesel, along with the production of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis of residual biomass. To improve the effectiveness and overall performance of the pyrolysis system, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized through a Box-Behnken design to systematically investigate how alterations in temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration influence the production of bio-oil and biochar to maximize their yields. The results showed the highest bio-oil yield achieved to be 36 %, while the highest biochar yield reached 45 %.
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    Technoeconomic Analysis of Biorefinery Processes for Biofuel and Other Important Products
    (Wiley, 2020-01-10) Srinivas, Appari
    In this chapter, a technoeconomic analysis of biofuels and other value-added chemicals production from lignocellulosic biomass is presented. Biofuel and other products derived from lignocellulosic biomass are also called second-generation products, which have energetic, economic, and environmental advantages in comparison to primary products such as starch or sugar. The conversion of feedstock into products is an energy-intensive process which requires various unit operations that require various forms of energy such as current, heat in the form of steam, cooling water, refrigeration, etc. The material and energy streams play a vital role in the estimation of process economy. Technoeconomic evaluations allow organizations to decide on which projects to continue and how to optimize the design to maximize profits. In this chapter, we describe the technoeconomic modeling approach for the conversion of biomass into products. This approach is widely used in most of the case studies, although with a compact timeline and with further extrapolations relating to geographical areas. Discounted and nondiscounted cash flow probability criteria used for estimating rate of return, payback period, net present value, and minimum product selling price are discussed.
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    Energetic assessment of fixation of CO2 and subsequent biofuel production using B. cereus SM1 isolated from sewage treatment plant
    (Springer, 2016-04-13) Gupta, Suresh; Raghuvanshi, Smita; Mishra, Somesh
    The ongoing work on global warming resulting from green house gases (GHGs) has led to explore the possibility of bacterial strains which can fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and can generate value-added products. The present work is an effort in this direction and has carried out an exhaustive batch experiments for the fixation of CO2 using B. Cereus SM1 isolated from sewage treatment plant (STP). The work has incorporated 5-day batch run for gaseous phase inlet CO2 concentration of 13 ± 1 % (%v/v). 84.6 (±5.76) % of CO2 removal was obtained in the gaseous phase at mentioned CO2 concentration (%v/v). Energetic requirement for CO2 fixation was assessed by varying Fe[II] ion concentration (0–200 ppm) on the per-day basis. The cell lysate obtained from CO2 fixation studies (Fe[II] ion = 100 ppm) was analyzed using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). This analysis confirmed the presence of fatty acids and hydrocarbon as valuable products. The hydrocarbons were found in the range of C11–C22 which is equivalent to light oil. The obtained fatty acids were found in the range of C11–C19. The possibility of fatty acid conversion to biodiesel was explored by carrying out the transesterification reaction. The yield of biodiesel was obtained as 86.5 (±0.048) % under the transesterification reaction conditions. Results of this research work can provide the valuable information in the implementation of biomitigation of CO2 at real scenario.