Department of Chemistry
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/1924
Browse
10 results
Search Results
Item Assessment and monitoring of groundwater quality in semi –arid region(Elsiever, 2020-10) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivThe depletion of groundwater resources threatens water security around the world and it is of prime concern. Minimization of the impact of unhealthy drinking water requires monitoring of contaminants and awareness to all stake holders. The work is aimed at developing a Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess and report water quality to policy makers and stake holders for comprehensive planning. This new WQI method assigns individual weights to each sample point under consideration, along with wholesome weights, to account for the relative risk of each contaminant. Water quality is determined for pre and post monsoon seasons. Spatial distribution of water quality is used to estimate the probable impact on affected population. A case study was carried out to validate the method. For this purpose, a total of 163 wells (covering an area of 30,623 square km.) were sampled in a semi-arid region in North India, during pre and post monsoon seasons. Sixteen physico-chemical parameters were measured and six parameters were deemed highly critical due to their coverage and associated health risk. Against the general belief, a rise in the number of wells with permissible limits of Chloride, Nitrite, Fluoride and TDS is observed after the monsoon. The WQI determined by the procedure indicates that only 47% and 59% of the local populace has access to groundwater of acceptable quality during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively.Item Application of ANN for Water Quality Index(IJMLC, 2019-10) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivAttempt has been made to create a Water Quality Index (WQI) based on artificial neural network (ANN) and globally accepted parameters. Several methods to measure WQI are available in the research and ambiguity problems exist where all the sub-indices of WQI are acceptable but overall index is not acceptable. In this study, we have tried to develop the WQI based on the WHO (world Health Organization) parameters (Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Turbidity, E. Coli and Electric Conductivity). The results also reveal changes in ANN based result from various input neural network model and its parameters. Even within same model, changes occur with variation in parameter. Based on the statistical parameter of regression value, the parameter and network model would be selected. With the dataset created for this study have shown the Cascade network is best for predicting the WQI.Item Subsurface 3D analysis, modeling, and presentation of pollutant nitrate in semi-arid region(Springer, 2019-04-09) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivThe work incorporates the field data collection, assessment, and use of interpolation and extrapolation methods in modeling the existence of pollutant in groundwater, namely nitrate, and future prediction. To view the variation of concentration of pollutants in any form, 3D representation is required. However, not many techniques are available to achieve the objective accurately. Many modeling studies are done but very little is known about the variation of a group of chemical parameters at vertical scale in any of the climatic zone or habitable region. This kind of study is needed to help stakeholders for better planning. Earlier studies do not show the variation of chemical parameters (contaminants) at vertical scale in the climatic zone, and modellings are very objective specific. Present work presents 3D models using Inverse Distance Weighting technique in Matlab. The concentration pattern of nitrate is studied in 3D and presented in lucid manner at regional scale. The 3D block presentation demonstrates its affiliation and dispersion. The relationship from these models between parameter fixation and profundity shows the presence of distinct layers up to desired depth. The relationship plots are developed to extract the information how the groundwater quality is being transmitted beneath the surface. The projection is verified with the real field data, which will help in future resource management actions and minimize the pollution risks to mankind and the environment. The modeling helps in selecting the danger zones for ground water recharge and discharge for natural cause of elevated concentration of nitrate in groundwater. This study opens up the methodology for finding the variation of other contaminants against depth and that of total water quality.Item Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS and Various Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of the Shekhawati Region of Rajasthan, Northwest India(EJSC, 2016) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivAssessment of Groundwater quality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS) was carried out in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. The results of 15 physico-chemical parameters were used for the calculation of WQI. The results indicated that WQI values range from 0 to 1304 and 0-11,701 for two different approaches used and thus indicates very poor groundwater quality status in the region. The Fuzzy method as a third approach was also used to generate a WQI and resulted in only 2 values. The geographical information system using the Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW) delineated groundwater quality zones into good to very poor potential areas. The hierarchal cluster analysis identified anthropogenic contamination, natural mineralization, reverse cation exchange as the major processes controlling groundwater chemistry. From the correlation matrix, it could be said that Turbidity, Total Hardness as CaCO3, Ca hardness as CaCO3, Mg hardness as CaCO3, Chlorides as Cl-, Fluorides as F- and TDS are responsible for high WQI values in the region.Item Land Use/ Land Cover information at various scales of Remote sensing data of Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan(STM Journals, 2014) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivThrough the present study, variation in land use, land cover (LULC) with change in scale is discussed. The authors carried out the visual interpretation with the aid of supervised classification, aiming to obtain LULC information at various levels of remote sensing data of district Jhunjhunu of Rajasthan. Remote sensing data of IRS-P6 (LISS-III) standard false color composites (FCCs) on 1:1 M, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scales for the period of February 2012 for the interpretation, for entire district area have been used in the study. Finally, a list of LULC categories at different scales has been compiled, highlighting the problems in identifying and delineating the same. The result shows progressive change in the LULC categories with increasing scale and has revealed area variations of different LULC units. The 1:50,000 scale interpretation gives the best result in classification, done in three different scales.Item Economical Treatment Method for Waste Pickling Liquor for Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises(Tech Journal, 2014) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv; Verma, Sanjay KumarWaste pickling liquor is pertinent to hazardous waste. Various types of recovery and regeneration methods are used to recover and regenerate the acid and metals from waste pickling liquor. But these methods are sumptuous and not amenable for small scale industries. In a developing country like India, where lots of micro, small and medium scale industries exist, only precipitation is a pecuniary treatment method but it generates lots of sludge. There are severe problems in its disposal to lined sites (landfills). This study has been undertaken to minimize the generation of the pickling sludge by different neutralizing agents and their combinations with economic valuation and also sludge characterization has been done. The results show that the treatment of pickling effluent with lime only is the economical solution but the quantity of sludge generation is on a higher side. However, the authors recommend 20% calcium hydroxide and 80% sodium hydroxide for the treatment because sludge reduction is appreciable and lower sludge generation will result in lower cost of sludge handling, i.e., sludge collection, transportation and disposal arrangement. The sludge characterization results show that the sludge generated by the treatment of WPL requires further treatment before using it as a building material.Item A study on treatment methods of spent pickling liquor generated by pickling process of steel(Springer, 2014-08) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivMetals to be coated require pre-treatment to remove rust or scale, impurities and inorganic contaminants. In steel industries, pickling process generates a considerable quantity of Spent Pickle Liquor (SPL) containing the dissolved metal salts of iron, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc as well as residual free acid. The waste generated by metal pickling and electroplating industries is identified as hazardous solid waste as per Indian Standards and United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of treatment methods of spent pickling liquor generated by pickling line of steel. The discussion shows that treatment method depends upon the quantity, quality and composition of SPL. Experimental modelling helps in better understanding of treatment process and also craft process more technically and economically feasible.Item A review on spent pickling liquor(IJES, 2013) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivMetals to be coated requires pre- treatment to remove rust or scale, impurities and inorganic contaminants. The pickling process generates a considerable quantity of spent pickle liquor (SPL) containing the dissolved metal salts of Iron, Chromium, Copper, Nickel and Zinc as well as residual free acid. The waste generated by metal pickling and electroplating industries identified as hazardous solid waste as per Indian Standards and USEPA Standards. In this paper we have discuss about the conventional treatment method of SPL, Safe disposal of sludge, utilization of sludge, various types of acid regeneration methods and metals recovery from it .Item A small discussion on microwave application for groundwater exploration: A review(IJGG, 2013-12-09) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, RajivThis review article presents the electromagnetic (EM) technique are the most common implemented methods by geophysicist for mineral exploration. The use of EM technique in environmental and engineering application is also established, especially in detection of contaminant plumes and exploration of waste sites in recent. Throughout the globe, the EM is used for groundwater related studies along with its mother work in mineral exploration. Airborne EM is appropriate for large scale and efficient groundwater surveying. Due to dependency of the electric conductivity on different material present (as clay, rock, water, sand) in the host body and the mineralization of the water. EM system are suitable for providing information of the aquifer structure, and water quality respectively.Item Development of a low cost potato gel system for nitrate removal from water(RJCE, 2016-09) Shukla, Paritosh; Gupta, Rajiv; Singhal, AnupamThis paper proposes to utilize the commonly available natural resource in form of tuber i.e. potato to treat the water for nitrate. The gel derived from potato (Solanum tuberosum) is employed for the removal of contaminant present in the water. The chosen system has shown overall 92 % reduction in nitrate concentration. Batch study was carried out to optimize the parameters (time of reaction, adsorbent weight and adsorbate concentration) followed by 144 h run of column to determine capability of adsorbent with artificial samples. Our studies showed that the batch study followed the Langmuir isotherm more closely than the Freundlich isotherm. Column data fit the Thomas model and kinetic constant is determined using Thomas equation. The maximum sorption capacity determined for adsorbent is 0.2484 mg/g. FTIR analysis of adsorbent (potato gel) at two different conditions shows changes in transmittance indicating the presence of active sites in adsorbent responsible for nitrate reduction.