Department of Chemistry

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Author: search.filters.author.Singhal, AnupamSubject: search.filters.subject.Civil Engineering

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 19
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    The impact of construction of hill roads on the environment, assessed using the multi-criteria approach
    (Taylor & Francis, 2021-03-30) Singhal, Anupam; Singh, Ajit Pratap; Mittal, Ravi Kant
    The environmental impact assessment (EIA) in regard to road widening of a 26 km stretch in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory) has been studied. Impact on the environment included temperature, deforestation, rainfall, landslides, blasting, surface and groundwater, air and soil pollution, habitat change, historical and socio-environmental factors. The study indicates that buses are the highest emitters of Hartridge Smoke Unit (HSU) followed by light commercial vehicles, heavy commercial trucks and cars, and three-wheelers in that order. The study also established that the make and age of the vehicle had negligible impact on the observed values of HSU and the light absorption coefficient (k). With the help of multi-criteria tools, the EIA has been quantified for four alternatives of a road stretch using fourteen criteria. The results show that the impact of the construction of two-lane highways on the environment is high, but that it can also be mitigated effectively.
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    Urban Policymaking for a Developing City Using a Hybridized Technique Based on SWOT, AHP, and GIS
    (ASCE, 2021-06) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The high rate of population growth in the 21st century is causing mass migration from rural to urban settlements. Rapid urbanization in developing countries generally follows unregulated growths, urban sprawls, and inefficiencies in city planning. With the trend of rapid growth in developing countries, it has been very difficult to maintain an environmentally sustainable and socially resilient policy framework. This study proposes an urban development policy framework for sustainable planning in developing cities by coupling geographic information system (GIS) geospatial zonal analysis with strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model. The hybridized approach incorporates critical issues such as disaster impact, slum settlements, infrastructure deficit, and noise pollution in urban planning. A case study of the city of Delhi was taken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in developing cities. The novelty of the study is that it proposes a highly flexible urban development plan based on the integrated GIS and SWOT-AHP methodology that is specific to the needs of developing economies and developing cities. The methodology also puts a strong emphasis on disaster prevention and response in the urban development plan. Results from the GIS–SWOT-AHP model can be used for region-based urban planning that prioritizes regions needing critical attention and directs the development of the city toward a sustainable future.
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    Radiation Shielding Concrete with alternate constituents: An approach to address multiple hazards
    (Elsiever, 2021-02-15) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta; Bhunia, Dipendu; Lahoti, Mukund
    Radiation Shielding Concrete (RSC) is a superior alternative to many conventional and modern shields against gamma and neutron radiation hazards. The present work is the first comprehensive review on utilization of alternate materials, emphasizing hazardous industrial byproducts, as constituents of RSC. Such usage enhances the performance, sustainability, and affordability of RSC. Added advantages are the immobilization of wastes and the conservation of natural resources for RSC. The review analyses incorporation of ferrous and non-ferrous slags, mines wastes, plastics, red mud, cathode ray tube's glass, metallic wastes, fly ash, silica fume, and miscellaneous residues. Besides, utilization of fibers, nanoparticles, and calcined clay is investigated. The influence on shielding efficiency is adjudged by scrutinizing changes in parameters such as half-value layer and linear attenuation coefficients. Similarly, variations in mechanical and durability properties are investigated and compared. The underlying responsible factors related to the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of materials and their consequences on RSC’s behavior are correlated. In association with alternatives, the advantages, disadvantages, and possible treatment methods are discussed. The country-wise, material-specific, and progressive research trends are revealed to facilitate future work in this upcoming field. Finally, conclusions are drawn with exposition of current bottlenecks and scope of future research.
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    Assessment and monitoring of groundwater quality in semi –arid region
    (Elsiever, 2020-10) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv
    The depletion of groundwater resources threatens water security around the world and it is of prime concern. Minimization of the impact of unhealthy drinking water requires monitoring of contaminants and awareness to all stake holders. The work is aimed at developing a Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess and report water quality to policy makers and stake holders for comprehensive planning. This new WQI method assigns individual weights to each sample point under consideration, along with wholesome weights, to account for the relative risk of each contaminant. Water quality is determined for pre and post monsoon seasons. Spatial distribution of water quality is used to estimate the probable impact on affected population. A case study was carried out to validate the method. For this purpose, a total of 163 wells (covering an area of 30,623 square km.) were sampled in a semi-arid region in North India, during pre and post monsoon seasons. Sixteen physico-chemical parameters were measured and six parameters were deemed highly critical due to their coverage and associated health risk. Against the general belief, a rise in the number of wells with permissible limits of Chloride, Nitrite, Fluoride and TDS is observed after the monsoon. The WQI determined by the procedure indicates that only 47% and 59% of the local populace has access to groundwater of acceptable quality during pre and post monsoon seasons respectively.
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    A review on sustainable utilization of industrial wastes in radiation shielding concrete
    (Elsiever, 2020) Singhal, Anupam; Srikanta, Routroy; Bhunia, Dipendu; Lahoti, Mukund
    The increasing problem of industrial wastes' (IWs) accumulation and shortage of conventional construction materials such as aggregates can be simultaneously addressed by a careful selection and utilization of IWs in concrete. This paper targets an explicit assessment of the current status of utilization of various IWs in a particular type of concrete, namely, ‘Radiation Shielding Concrete (RSC)’. RSC is a high-density concrete which prevents any potential leakage of the X-rays, gamma rays, and fast-moving neutrons in various establishments such as nuclear power structures, X-ray or radiology department rooms in the hospitals. Traditionally, RSC has been made using high density natural aggregates like haematite, magnetite, or ilmenite, but this practice faces several challenges such as the NA being a limited resource, expensive, and non-available in several parts of the world. This paper reviews the research being carried out for the gainful utilization of various categories of IWs such as slags, supplementary cementitious materials, mines wastes, and a few miscellaneous IWs like polymers and glass, for a partial or complete replacement of conventional constituents of RSC for a greener construction.
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    Application of ANN for Water Quality Index
    (IJMLC, 2019-10) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv
    Attempt has been made to create a Water Quality Index (WQI) based on artificial neural network (ANN) and globally accepted parameters. Several methods to measure WQI are available in the research and ambiguity problems exist where all the sub-indices of WQI are acceptable but overall index is not acceptable. In this study, we have tried to develop the WQI based on the WHO (world Health Organization) parameters (Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Turbidity, E. Coli and Electric Conductivity). The results also reveal changes in ANN based result from various input neural network model and its parameters. Even within same model, changes occur with variation in parameter. Based on the statistical parameter of regression value, the parameter and network model would be selected. With the dataset created for this study have shown the Cascade network is best for predicting the WQI.
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    Subsurface 3D analysis, modeling, and presentation of pollutant nitrate in semi-arid region
    (Springer, 2019-04-09) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv
    The work incorporates the field data collection, assessment, and use of interpolation and extrapolation methods in modeling the existence of pollutant in groundwater, namely nitrate, and future prediction. To view the variation of concentration of pollutants in any form, 3D representation is required. However, not many techniques are available to achieve the objective accurately. Many modeling studies are done but very little is known about the variation of a group of chemical parameters at vertical scale in any of the climatic zone or habitable region. This kind of study is needed to help stakeholders for better planning. Earlier studies do not show the variation of chemical parameters (contaminants) at vertical scale in the climatic zone, and modellings are very objective specific. Present work presents 3D models using Inverse Distance Weighting technique in Matlab. The concentration pattern of nitrate is studied in 3D and presented in lucid manner at regional scale. The 3D block presentation demonstrates its affiliation and dispersion. The relationship from these models between parameter fixation and profundity shows the presence of distinct layers up to desired depth. The relationship plots are developed to extract the information how the groundwater quality is being transmitted beneath the surface. The projection is verified with the real field data, which will help in future resource management actions and minimize the pollution risks to mankind and the environment. The modeling helps in selecting the danger zones for ground water recharge and discharge for natural cause of elevated concentration of nitrate in groundwater. This study opens up the methodology for finding the variation of other contaminants against depth and that of total water quality.
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    Analyzing environment sustainability enablers using fuzzy DEMATEL for an Indian steel manufacturing company
    (Emerald, 2019-03-20) Singhal, Anupam; Routroy, Srikanta
    The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Environmental Sustainability Enablers (ESEs) for an Indian steel manufacturing company to select the appropriate set of ESEs for implementing and enhancing environmental sustainability.
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    Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS and Various Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of the Shekhawati Region of Rajasthan, Northwest India
    (EJSC, 2016) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv
    Assessment of Groundwater quality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS) was carried out in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. The results of 15 physico-chemical parameters were used for the calculation of WQI. The results indicated that WQI values range from 0 to 1304 and 0-11,701 for two different approaches used and thus indicates very poor groundwater quality status in the region. The Fuzzy method as a third approach was also used to generate a WQI and resulted in only 2 values. The geographical information system using the Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW) delineated groundwater quality zones into good to very poor potential areas. The hierarchal cluster analysis identified anthropogenic contamination, natural mineralization, reverse cation exchange as the major processes controlling groundwater chemistry. From the correlation matrix, it could be said that Turbidity, Total Hardness as CaCO3, Ca hardness as CaCO3, Mg hardness as CaCO3, Chlorides as Cl-, Fluorides as F- and TDS are responsible for high WQI values in the region.
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    Land Use/ Land Cover information at various scales of Remote sensing data of Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan
    (STM Journals, 2014) Singhal, Anupam; Gupta, Rajiv
    Through the present study, variation in land use, land cover (LULC) with change in scale is discussed. The authors carried out the visual interpretation with the aid of supervised classification, aiming to obtain LULC information at various levels of remote sensing data of district Jhunjhunu of Rajasthan. Remote sensing data of IRS-P6 (LISS-III) standard false color composites (FCCs) on 1:1 M, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scales for the period of February 2012 for the interpretation, for entire district area have been used in the study. Finally, a list of LULC categories at different scales has been compiled, highlighting the problems in identifying and delineating the same. The result shows progressive change in the LULC categories with increasing scale and has revealed area variations of different LULC units. The 1:50,000 scale interpretation gives the best result in classification, done in three different scales.