Department of Economics and Finance

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Author: search.filters.author.Mohapatra, GeetilaxmiSubject: search.filters.subject.Economics and Finance

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 37
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    Economic Development and Environmental Degradation: A Study of Indian Situations
    (Lambert, 2011) Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi; Giri, Arun Kumar
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    Fiscal Sustainability in Major South Asian Economies: Evidences from Panel Data Analysis
    (JECD, 2018) Giri, Arun Kumar; Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    The paper examines the issue of fiscal sustainability for a panel of five major South Asian economies namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, for the period from 1985-2014. The results of panel cointegration tests by Pedroni (1999) and Westerlund (2007) confirm the presence of a long- run relationship between government revenue and expenditure. The panel auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimates of the fiscal reaction function indicate a positive long-run response of the primary balance to the rising public debt ratio, thus confirming fiscally responsible behaviour in the region. However, the size of the cointegrating slope parameter between revenue and expenditure obtained from the group mean fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and the group mean dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) is significantly less than one, indicating weak form of fiscal sustainability. The weak sustainability underscores the need for commitment to long term fiscal discipline and justifies the ongoing efforts by the South Asian countries to strengthen their fiscal positions.
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    Does accessibility to water and sanitation improves household wellbeing in India?
    (A Diva Enterprises Ltd, 2019-03) Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi; Giri, Arun Kumar
    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential linkages between access to water and sanitation with household wellbeing in India. A few studies have been carried out on the expected benefits of investments in water and sanitation in spite of the fact that effect of investment in water and sanitation has a huge impact on overall performance of household in terms of health, education, employment, etc. This study uses data from Indian Human Development Surveys (IHDSs) collected by the University of Maryland and the National Council of Applied Economic Research in 2004–05 and 2011–12. Econometric analysis has been done to examine the relationship between access to water and sanitation and its consequential impact on the overall welfare of households. The main hypothesis is that an improvement in the accessibility of water and sanitation sources increases the overall standard of living with the assumptions that an improvement in the accessibility of water and sanitation sources reduces illness among household members, which also, in turn, tends to increase overall standard of living. The data indicated that there was no significant improvement in access to water sources in India from 2004–05 to 2011–12. Around 53% of the households surveyed used open fields as toilets in 2004–05, and this proportion only slightly decreased (44.72%) by 2011–12. While comparing the overall standard of living, about 38.5% respondents believe they became better off between two periods (from 2004–05 to 2011–12) while around 52% respondent feels there was no significant improvement in their standard of living. Ordered log it regression analyses were carried out to establish links between water and sanitation access and changes in household welfare. There is a positive relationship between improvements in households ’sources of water and sanitation and improvements in households ’(self-reported) overall welfare. In other words, households experiencing an improvement in their source of water supply and sanitation were more likely to report an improvement in their overall standard of living, and less likely to report deterioration
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    Perception and adaptation of agricultural households to climate change in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan – a gender perspective study
    (Emerald, 2021) Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    The study aims to analyze the gender-wise perception of the agricultural households toward climate change and the adaption measures taken by these households, especially women, to mitigate climate changes.
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    Water Poverty Index and its changing trend in India
    (Emerald, 2022-04) Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi; Arora, Rahul
    The purpose of this paper is to provide a picture of the water situation of the states of India and to identify key areas in which intervention is necessary for sustainable development and poverty elevation.
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    Examining the interstate variations and interlinkage between water poverty and multidimensional poverty in India: evidence from household-level data
    (Emerald, 2022) Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi; Arora, Rahul
    The purpose of the present study is to examine the inter-relationship between the multi-dimensional poverty and water poverty using household level data for Indian states. A modified water poverty index (MWPI) for both rural and urban households was created using the five components approach and various quantifiable proxies. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used for the construction of MWPI. Multidimensionality of poverty (MPI) is measured using the Alkire and Foster methodology. Further, the study has utilized correlation and Tobit regression analysis to show the relationship between MWPI and MPI. The empirical findings suggest that there is a positive and significant relationship between multidimensional poverty and water poverty, with the extent of relationship being greater in rural areas. The results show that in rural areas all the components of water poverty has significant impact on multidimensional poverty, whereas in urban areas except use component all others have significant impact on multidimensional poverty. Further, components of multidimensional poverty were also found to be significantly impacting water poverty.
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    How Livelihood Diversification and Institutional Credit Help to Improve Household Well-Being in India?
    (Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2019) Giri, Arun Kumar; Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    Using nationally representative data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) collected in 2011-12, this study examined the impact of livelihood diversification and accessibility to institutional credit on the monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) of households. The data provided information about 42,152 households, and our study focused on only the households that had taken a loan from any source, thus reducing the sample size to 22,630 households. The estimate suggested that, if a household had taken a loan from a formal source, then it was likely to have a higher MPCE by approximately 24.68 percent on average. We also found that households whose main source of income belonged to the secondary sector had a negative and insignificant coefficient while the coefficient of the tertiary sector suggested that they had about a 29 percent higher MPCE compared to those households who belonged to the primary sector. The results also suggested that Hindus had a higher consumption compared to Muslims. However, Christians and Sikhs had about 36 percent and 23 percent higher consumption, respectively, than Hindus. The study also found that households belong to lower social groups (OBC, SC, and ST) had lower consumption compared to households that belonged to the general category of the caste system.
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    Dynamics of poverty and its determinants in rural India: Evidence from longitudinal farm households
    (Wiley, 2021-02) Giri, Arun Kumar; Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    his study examined the determinants of unidimensional and multidimensional poverty among the farm households of rural India, using the data of India Human Development Surveys conducted in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. We found a significant reduction in poverty among these households over this period. However, this reduction was not uniform across different sub-groups of the farm households. Our findings confirm that the important factors of poverty dynamics in India are educational attainment, number of household members, and caste. We observed that caste and household size considerably impacted the unidimensional poverty significantly, but not the multidimensional poverty, which was affected more by the education level of the heads of household. The study concludes that unidimensional poverty significantly matters for multidimensional poverty and vice versa in terms of determining poverty dynamics. Hence, target-based interventions in education, nutrition, and better access to water and sanitation, particularly to lower social groups (schedule classes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes) help in reducing multidimensional poverty in rural India.
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    Do Institutional Quality and Trade Openness Influence Economic Growth? An Empirical Evidence from India
    (Springer, 2022-03) Giri, Arun Kumar; Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    The study empirically examines the impact of trade openness and institutional quality on economic growth in India for the period 1990–2019. The study uses export plus imports as a ratio of GDP and composite governance indicators to measure trade openness and institutional quality, respectively. GDP per capita is used as the proxy for economic growth along with financial development, domestic capital, exchange rate, and inflation as other conventional determinants of economic growth. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration approach along with the first-generation unit root tests is used in the present study to test empirical relationships. The results reveal that both trade openness and institutional quality exert a significant and positive impact on economic growth in both the long and short runs. Further, the interaction of trade openness and institutional quality is shown to have a significant impact on economic growth as well. The estimates also confirm that domestic capital and financial development have a significant positive influence on the economic growth of the country. The results further indicate that the exchange rate has a significant negative impact on economic growth in both long run and short run.
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    Examining the macro-determinants of tourist arrivals in India
    (Springer, 2022) Giri, Arun Kumar; Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi
    The present study analyzes the asymmetric association of exchange rate and world income with inbound tourism demand in India using a recently developed nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. For this purpose, the study uses monthly data from January 2003 to December 2020 for inbound tourism demand, real effective exchange rate, and world income as the variables of the model. The study used an asymmetric causality test on the lines of Hatemi-J. The findings confirm the existence of a nonlinear association between exchange rate and tourism demand in the long run. Furthermore, the increases in the world income have a positive and significant effect on tourist arrivals in India. In addition, the findings indicate that exchange rate shocks play a vital role in the long run. The cointegration test is supplemented with nonlinear causality analysis. The causal result depicted positive shocks in the exchange rate and world income sharing a unidirectional causal relationship with tourist arrivals. The result of this research can significantly facilitate the policymakers for devising short-run as well as long-run policies to consolidate the macroeconomic fundamentals such that tourism demand can be enhanced in India.