Department of Economics and Finance

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Author: search.filters.author.Padhi, BalakrushnaSubject: search.filters.subject.Economics and Finance

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
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    Analyzing Poverty and Inequality Dynamics across North-Eastern States of India
    (IARIW, 2017) Padhi, Balakrushna
    This study intends to explore the poverty inequality dynamics across North Eastern States (NES) of India during recent decade. Based on NSSO’s Consumer Expenditure Survey Rounds an analysis has been carried out for two time points i.e. 2004-05 (61st round) and 2011-12 (68th round) to examine the changing pattern of poverty and inequality in these regions by decomposing changes in poverty in to growth, redistribution and interaction components. This paper used headcount ratio to measure poverty, Gini Index as well as poverty decomposition method (Datt and Ravallion, 1992) to quantify the relative contribution of economic growth and redistribution to changes in poverty. The results depict that the NES are quite different in terms of basic socioeconomic attributes from the mainland as per the level of development. As per the decomposition results the growth mean effect and redistribution component determines the rise or fall in the poverty effect. States where economic reforms were initiated properly with other developmental activities those NES performs better than the rest in terms of the said effects
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    Wage Mobility dynamics in the Indian Labour Market: A Pseudo Panel Approach
    (Indian Econometric Society, 2019) Padhi, Balakrushna
    The degree of mobility in wages is conceived as an important indicator to gauge flexibility and freedom in the labour market and equality of opportunity in a society. This paper aims to encompass evidence on wage distribution and inequality with micro-mobility measures for the Indian labour market, by applying pseudo-panel methodology. This study presents the pseudo panel method to study and examine crucial aspect of individual earning dynamics using repeated cross-sectional datasets of NSSO employment and unemployment rounds since last two decades (1993-94 to 2011-12).
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    Future of Work in Retail and Construction in India
    (SEWA, 2019) Padhi, Balakrushna
    The World of Work has changed dramatically in the last three decades in response to the needs of capital, impact of globalization and technical changes. These factors have led to a dramatic global, industrial, organizational and special reconfiguration of work and have accelerated the emergence of non standard forms of employment relationship in developed countries as well as in the developing countries
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    COVID-19 and the Challenges of Virtual Mode of Education in India–University Practice Connect
    (Azim Premji University, 2020) Padhi, Balakrushna
    The COVID-19 outbreak that led to the closure of schools has had an unprecedented effect on children’s education and wellbeing. It is important to note that interrupting education services can have serious, long-term consequences for economies and societies, such as an increase in inequality, poorer health and nutrition outcomes, and reduced social cohesion. Therefore, the need to promote and safeguard every child’s right to education as set out in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) and the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE) should be given the utmost priority.
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    Pandemic Beyond Lockdown in India
    (Orissa Economic Association, 2020) Padhi, Balakrushna
    The aim of this study is two-fold. First, it evaluates the scorecard of the COVID-19 pandemic in India and its major states during the last four phases of nationwide lockdowns and unlocks. Second, it examines the changing structure of the health status under this pandemic in terms of increasing COVID-19 cases. To this end, we have employed the prevalence rate, recovery rate, case fatality rate, doubling rate, and sample test multiple as methodologies using the daily data from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India) and WHO. The analysis reveals that there is a huge variation in the prevalence rate, fatality rate, testing rate, and doubling rates across the states in India. From the end of the fourth lockdown (May 31, 2020) to the end of the fourth unlock (unlock 4.0–September 30, 2020), the prevalence rate has increased from 538 per million to 19185 per million during this period. The average case fatality rate in India was 2.2 per cent at the beginning of the first lockdown and increased to 3 per cent during the fourth lockdown. However, owing to the phase-wise unlocks, case fatality rate has reversed to 1.6 per cent till the end of unlock 4.0. On average, most of the states moved to a slower doubling rate of COVID-19 cases during the unlock periods. This study emphasises the need for rapid identification, to find isolation, quick test, and treat cases of COVID-19, including providing optimal care for its severity in patients, especially the elderly, to ensure these recent declining trends continue.
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    Evidence-Based Suggestions to Improve UGC JRF-NET Examination
    (SSRN, 2020-04) Padhi, Balakrushna
    To increase the transparency and efficiency of the exam, the UGC has brought out substantial changes in the National Eligibility Test (NET) examination in the recent past. However, concerns have been raised with respect to the quality and credibility of the exam, given its evaluation criteria. In this context, this paper attempts to highlight some of the existing problems concerning exam and evaluation of the exam questions. First, we discuss the issues with the existing pattern of NET examination and other governance issues. Second, we have undertaken an online survey of the candidates’ who already appeared for the exam at least once to capture the general perception on the issues highlighted. Third, based on the findings from the survey, we present possible changes in the conduct of the exam to increase the quality and credibility of the exam further.
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    Concerns around the NDHM
    (Economic Political Weekly, 2020) Padhi, Balakrushna
    In August 2020, the Government of India announced the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) for ensuring health services for all. The NDHM highlights that a “Health ID will be given to every Indian. This health account will contain details of every test, every disease, the doctors visited, the medicines taken and the diagnosis.” The objective of this mission is to make the health sector in India more technologically advanced, inclusive as well as delivery-driven. The health sector is the most crucial, especially during a pandemic outbreak. In this regard, the NDHM is expected to ensure affordable healthcare facility to all. While NDHM promises every individual with a health ID that will be integrated with the entire healthcare history of the individual, one is unable to understand in what way it will universalise access to healthcare. Undoubtedly, the sick will be identified digitally with all their basic information but an ID of this kind may not automatically ensure the healthcare need of the individual. Given the scenario of a massive dependence on private sector for healthcare and a meagre budgetary share of gross domestic product for health, such measures are in no way going to offer a solution to the prevailing inequality in access to healthcare. We need capacity expansion of the public health facility, the inadequacy of which is apparent when we are confronted with a pandemic and expect an enormous load of patients.
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    Introspecting Human Development
    (Economic Political Weekly, 2021-01) Padhi, Balakrushna
    Since the 1990s the two distinct aspects observed in the development discourse are human development on the one hand and inclusive development on the other. This has led to the advent of both the initial Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and current Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of 2030, which cover a whole lot of domains with their relevant indicators. However, human development as an alternative to money metric assessment of development has not yet been entirely bought out. There is an agreement that human deve­lopment is perhaps a necessary reflection of translating development to welfare, however, this still underlies the importance of means against the ends. Such an argument is made in the context of distribution vis-à-vis development wherein a fair distribution is considered ideal but a better magnitude of “means” is considered a prerequisite. In other words, there has to be an emphasis on making the cake bigger and bigger by any means and automatically the share of the cake in distribution will be larger and larger. This assumption of the obvious implication of means ­towards the ends is hypothetical and it all depends on how and in what manner is the means made or accumulated.
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    Of Ageing in India
    (Economic Political Weekly, 2021-02) Padhi, Balakrushna
    The recently released Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) (2017–18) study report is a landmark in generating a sustained information base for policymaking in the wake of the rising elderly population owing to the rapid course of demographic transition that is underway. The LASI (wave-1) is a nationally and state representative (excluding Sikkim) longitudinal survey on ageing and health, with a panel sample size of 72,250 older adults aged 45 years and above and their spouses regardless of age (LASI 2017–18).