Department of Economics and Finance

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Author: search.filters.author.Padhi, BalakrushnaSubject: search.filters.subject.Employment

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    Changing contours of growth and employment in the indian labour market: a sectoral decomposition approach
    (Elsevier, 2023-12) Padhi, Balakrushna
    This study analyses the changing contours of employment and economic growth in the Indian labour market over four decades (1983–2019-20) using the NSSO-EUS & PLFS datasets. Here, the Shapley Decomposition methodology (as developed by World Bank) has been used to decompose the per capita income growth into changes in employment, changes in output per worker, and the population change components at the aggregate level and by sectors for the Indian labour market. The study unfolds a pattern of inter-sectoral variations in growth in income and employment since pre and post-reform periods. The estimate shows that the major contributor to the value-added is output per worker and inter-sectoral shifts. Further, despite the output growth in the industrial and service sector, it didn't reflect in absorbing the labour force entering the job market. The aggregate employment and income growth pattern entails proper policy intervention in the Indian labour market.
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    Structural change and increasing precarity of employment in India
    (Springer, 2020) Padhi, Balakrushna
    This paper analyses the nature and increasing precarity of India’s employment in the last decade and a half. It examines the trends in informal employment in India in 2004–05, 2011–12 and 2017–18. The analysis reveals that there has been a significant degree of informalisation of employment in the formal sector of the economy, and among regular/salaried workers, who form the predominant section of the formal sector workforce. This has counteracted the potentially positive effect of the economy-wide shift from agricultural to non-agricultural employment, towards regular/salaried work and towards formal sector growth. This result reflects on the long-standing debate in India on the impact of formal labour relations on the formal sector employment. Formal employment is considered to be associated with very rigid labour laws restricting hiring and firing of workers. However, the paper shows that formal sector employment has expanded but with much greater informality of employment. This situation demands urgent attention in order to reverse the increasing precariousness of employment and engage policy levers in reducing the growing labour market inequalities in India.