Department of Economics and Finance
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Item ICT diffusion, women empowerment, and sustainable development in SAARC countries(Emerald, 2022-08) Giri, Arun Kumar; Debata, ByomakeshThe main purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion in women empowerment and in fostering the process of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries using panel data from 2005 to 2020.Item Leapfrogging into knowledge economy: Information and communication technology for human development(Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 2022) Giri, Arun Kumar; Debata, ByomakeshModern-day economic growth is focused on productivity and innovation, which puts information and technology integral to economic policy issues. In this context, ICT has a significant position as it increases efficiency, promotes information dissemination, and enhances innovation, resulting in a global shift in social and human development processes. The purpose of this research is to examine the significance of ICT diffusion in fostering human development in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries from 2005 to 2019. ICT diffusion is measured using a principal component analysis (PCA)- based composite index that combines telephone, mobile, broadband, and internet usage. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) created Human Development Index (HDI) serves as a proxy for human development. To adjust for any confounding bias, macroeconomic indicators, such as gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, and trade are also included. Utilizing econometric methods robust to cross-sectional dependence (CSD) such as the dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) estimator, Driscoll-Kraay (DK) regression, and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) causality test, the study highlights the strong positive relationship between ICT and HDI. In addition, GDP boosts HDI owing to productivity gains. Similarly, trade expansion, in addition to its direct effects, also influences HDI by boosting economic growth. Inflation, on the other hand, has a negative impact on the HDI. Consequently, the study recommends a cohesive setting that unifies ICT with human development in this modern framework.Item ICT diffusion, financial development, and economic growth: Panel evidence from SAARC countries(Wiley, 2020-12) Giri, Arun KumarThis study examines the interrelation of ICT diffusion and financial development with economic growth in SAARC economies, by employing data for the time period 2000–2017. The empirical analysis is carried out using granger causality and cointegration techniques. First generation panel unit root tests namely LLC, IPS, ADF, and PP test were employed for this purpose. All the variables were found to be integrated of order one at first difference. Pedroni's cointegration test along with Kao's residual-based cointegration test was used which reveals the presence of long-run relationship among the variables. Further, cointegration coefficients are computed with the help of fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares method. While financial development, ICT diffusion, and trade openness were found to increase the growth rate, inflation exhibited negative impact on growth. Both short-run and long-run causality were examined using panel granger causality test which revealed unidirectional causality running from ICT diffusion and financial sector development to economic growth. However, the result of causation between financial sector development and the ICT diffusion was statistically insignificant.