Department of Computer Science and Information Systems
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Item A Cross-Layer Delay-Aware Multipath Routing Algorithm for Mobile Adhoc Networks(AIRCJJ, 2014-05) Gudino, Lucy J.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS) mechanism to support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements. Routing protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use minimum hop count as the metric for path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time applications. To support such applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These Protocols makes path selection based on the delay over the discovered links during routing discovery and routing table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint Multipath QoS Routing protocol called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDM-AODV) based on delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing layers to achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest delay incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared with single path AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of better packet delivery and reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.Item Cross layer congestion aware multi rate multi path routing protocol for ad hoc network(IEEE, 2015) Gudino, Lucy J.Modern wireless devices, which implement the 802.11b standard, utilizes multiple transmission rates in order to accommodate a varied range of channel conditions. Many rate adaptation algorithms proposed, utilizes the multi data rate, primarily according to the current channel quality. Most algorithms do not consider congestion around the network and proper determinant to identify it. In multi rate Ad hoc network, due to mismatched link rate, the node interface queues get overloaded. Thus causing congestion, which consequently result in packet loss, further reducing effective throughput. In this paper, we propose a novel Cross layer QoS aware Multi Rate routing protocol (CQMR) based on nodes queuing load and link state. CQMR focuses on cross-layer interactions between PHY, MAC and Network layer to utilize these multi-rate supports from 802.11b. CQMR algorithm chooses the optimal path with effective data rate and through a less congested network, which is compatible with existing 802.11 implementations. We have implemented CQMR in the NS-2 simulator and conducted extensive simulation studies over network diversity. Our analysis shows that CQMR protocol significantly increases the network performance in the packet delivery ratio and throughput.Item Cross Layer Best effort QoS aware routing protocol for Ad Hoc Network(IEEE, 2015) Gudino, Lucy J.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are a self organizing and adaptive wireless networks. Currently MANETs possess an advanced challenge in providing Quality of Service( QoS) support for real time application data streaming through the network. These applications are delay sensitive and get affected due to congestion in the network. Thus, performance degrades due to high data loss, frequent link breakage and excessive retransmission. The strict layered network structure makes even more difficult to provide solutions for such issues. We propose a protocol which cooperates between adjacent layers and performs cross layer communication. We propose a novel QoS routing for MANET called Cross Layer Best effort QoS aware routing protocol (CLBQ) which considers the metric of link quality, data rates and MAC delay as the QoS parameters. The proposed protocol implements cross layer interaction between PHY, MAC and Network layer. The simulation results conducted shows best effort QoS service to the network in discovering the route and data transfer. Our analysis shows that the protocol has improved throughput and low network overhead.Item Cross layer multi QoS metric routing for multimedia traffic in 802.11E over MANETs(IEEE, 2016) Gudino, Lucy J.To support QoS for a multimedia traffic, IEEE 802.11e standard Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) has been proposed. However, the EDCA is more focused on providing quality of service(QoS) solution at the MAC layer, which is necessary, but perhaps not sufficient as the layered TCP stack architecture does not satisfy the QoS demands in ad hoc network. This is due to the fact that routing protocol is responsible for the successful packet delivery and QoS Support. The conventional single scalar routing protocols are not suitable for high traffic QoS sensitive multimedia traffic load on Mobile ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The paper proposes a Cross layer Multimetric link disjoint Multipath Routing (CMMR) protocol based on distinct QoS constraints. The paper uses cross-layer communications to consider multiple layer metrics like MAC queue utilization, node density degree, and mobility factor to achieve channel state awareness and keep the up to date status of the route in terms of QOS proficiency at each intermediate node. The proposed algorithm is validated with an extensive simulation with high real time traffic using NS3. The results show significant improvement of CMMR in terms of packet delivery, and end-to-end delay.Item Cross layered adaptive cooperative routing mode in mobile ad hoc networks(IEEE, 2016) Gudino, Lucy J.A Cooperative communication technique has gained considerable attention in the recent time to improve the quality of service (QoS) of ad hoc networks. Cooperative communication significantly improves link capacity through physical layer technique, and spatial diversity gain is achieved by using neighboring nodes to retransmit the overheard information to the intended destination node. However, upper layer protocols are not elegantly designed to adequately exploit the spatial diversity to improve overall network performance in ad hoc networks. Limiting the cooperation to one network layer may not be the best solution. Thus, in this paper, we intend to achieve multilayer functionality from physical layer to the routing layer to provide cooperative communication. An adaptive cross layered cooperative routing algorithm (ACCR) is proposed to analyze the channel state variations and selectively choose the cooperative MAC scheme on demand by exploiting spatial diversity. The algorithm dynamically selects best relay candidates based on QoS metric, contention delay and node energy fairness. Network layer, then chooses an optimized path from source to destination through the selected relay nodes. We validate the algorithm with extensive simulations. The results clearly show that cooperative cross-layer design approach effectively improves the average throughput and average delay for each packet transmission.Item QoS based multipath routing in MANET: A cross layer approach(IEEE, 2017) Gudino, Lucy J.MANET is a network of mobile nodes which is infrastructure-less, self-configuring and are gaining popularity in recent times due to the ease of deployment. Applications such as audio/video conferencing require very stringent and inflexible Quality of Service (QoS) in data delivery. To provide QoS in Routing in MANET is a challenging issue because of the dynamic nature of nodes and limited node energy. In this paper, we proposed a QoS aware weight based on demand Multipath Routing protocol (QMR) to enhance Quality of Service (QoS). QMR is based on cross-layer design, which cooperate in sharing network-status information within different layers of protocol while maintaining the layers' separation to improve overall network performance. In QMR, the weight of the link is decided by multiple QoS factors like signal strength, and residual energy. The maximum aggregated weight decided by these factors helps to choose the most optimal route which is stable and energy efficient between source and destination. The proposed protocol offers an increased lifetime of nodes, better throughput, low packet delay and high packet delivery ratio in different mobile environments.Item A Cross-Layer Delay-Aware Node Disjoint Multipath Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(AIRCJJ, 2014) Gudino, Lucy J.Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS) require reliable routing and Quality of Service(QoS) mechanism to support diverse applications with varying and stringent requirements. Routing protocols such as AODV, AOMDV, DSR and OLSR use minimum hop count as the metric for path selection, hence are not suitable for delay sensitive real time applications. To support such applications delay constrained routing protocols are employed. These Protocols makes path selection based on the delay over the discovered links during routing discovery and routing table calculations. We propose a variation of a node-disjoint Multipath QoS Routing protocol called Cross Layer Delay aware Node Disjoint Multipath AODV (CLDM-AODV) based on delay constraint. It employs cross-layer communications between MAC and routing layers to achieve link and channel-awareness. It regularly updates the path status in terms of lowest delay incurred at each intermediate node. Performance of the proposed protocol is compared with single path AODV and NDMR protocols. Proposed CLDM-AODV is superior in terms of better packet delivery and reduced overhead between intermediate nodes.