Department of Biological Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Jha, Prabhat N.Start date: 2010

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 48
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    Current Topics in Biotechnology & Microbiology
    (LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011) Jha, Prabhat N.
    Welcome to Current Topics in Biotechnology and Microbiology. This book provides the basics as well as new ideas in Biotechnology and Microbiology in a narrative and lucid style. The modern techniques employed in Nano-biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology and Microbiology are discussed in a comprehensive manner which will update the readers of Biotechnology and Microbiology field. This book is aimed to develop scientific and research skill along with the basic knowledge in the undergraduate and postgraduate students.
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    Advances in Biotechnology: A Practical Approach (Biotechnology in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine)
    (‎ Nova Science Publishers, 2013) Jha, Prabhat N.
    Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to enhance products, our lives and our environment. It is a broad and complex discipline that encompasses many specialised areas. The promise that biotechnology holds for developing countries is well recognised and it is an important tool that can be applied to diverse economic sectors with a focus on the production of food crops, livestock management, human health care, the chemical industry and environmental management. This book covers applications of biotechnology in selected areas such as health care, agriculture, microbial systems, "in silico" analysis for drug designing and drug discovery and the environment
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    Biodiesel production through lipase catalyzed transesterification: An overview
    (Elsiever, 2010) Jha, Prabhat N.; Mehrotra, Rajesh
    Recently, with the global shortage of fossil fuels, excessive increase in the price of crude oil and increased environmental concerns have resulted in the rapid growth in biodiesel production. The central reaction in the biodiesel production is the transesterification reaction which could be catalyzed either chemically or enzymatically. Enzymatic transesterification has certain advantages over the chemical catalysis of transesterification, as it is less energy intensive, allows easy recovery of glycerol and the transesterification of glycerides with high free fatty acid contents. Limitations of the enzyme catalyzed reactions include high cost of enzyme, low yield, high reaction time and the amount of water and organic solvents in the reaction mixture. Researchers have been trying to overcome these limitations in the enzyme catalyzed transesterification reaction. This paper is meant to review the latest development in the field of lipase catalyzed transesterification of biologically derived oil to produce biodiesel.
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    Assessment of mineral phosphate-solubilizing properties and molecular characterization of zinc-tolerant bacteria
    (Wiley, 2012) Jha, Prabhat N.
    Plant growth-promoting bacteria with the ability to tolerate heavy metals have importance both in sustainable agriculture and phytoremediation. The present study reports on the isolation and characterization of mineral phosphate-solubilizing (MPS) bacteria associated with the Achyranthes aspera L. plant (prickly chaff, flower plant). Out of 35 bacterial isolates, 6 isolates, namely RS7, RP23, EPR1, RS5, RP11 and RP19, with high MPS activity were selected and subjected to the assessment of MPS activity under various stress conditions, viz. ZnSO4 (0.30–1.5 M), NaCl and temperature. MPS activity by the selected isolates was observed at concentrations of as high as >1.2 M ZnSO4. Significant improvement in plant growth was observed on bacterization of seeds (pearl millet) with all of the six selected isolates. Plant growth was measured in terms of root length, shoot length, fresh weight and % increase in root biomass. The molecular diversity among the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was studied employing enterobacterial repetitive intergenic sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Representative strains from each ERIC type were identified, on the basis of a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, as members of the genera Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Enterobacter. Among all the isolates, RP19 was the best in terms of phosphate-solubizing activity and its response to various stresses. The ability of RP19 and other isolates to exhibit MPS activity at high ZnSO4 concentrations suggests their potential as efficient biofertilizer for growing plants in metal (ZnSO4)-contaminated soil. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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    Association of Rhizospheric/Endophytic Bacteria with Plants: A Potential Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture
    (Greener Journals, 2013) Jha, Prabhat N.; Mehrotra, Rajesh
    Application of associative bacteria for sustainable agriculture holds immense potential. These bacteria are known to enhance growth and yield of plants by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of phosphate, production of phytohormones and siderophores, possession of antagonistic activity as well as reducing the level of stress ethylene in host plants. Colonization of these bacteria can be tracked by tagging them with certain molecular markers such as β-glucuronidase (gus) or green fluorescent protein (gfp) followed by electron microscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy. Associative bacteria and endophytes may express genes differentially to colonize and establish the plant interior. They may also use ‘quorum sensing’ molecules for colonization process. Present review aims to highlight various plant growth promoting properties, ecology and updates of molecular mechanisms involved in interaction between associative bacteria and plants as well as immune responses triggered by these bacteria in plants.
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    Association of Rhizospheric/Endophytic Bacteria with Plants: A Potential Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture
    (Greener Journals, 2013) Jha, Prabhat N.; Mehrotra, Rajesh
    Application of associative bacteria for sustainable agriculture holds immense potential. These bacteria are known to enhance growth and yield of plants by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of phosphate, production of phytohormones and siderophores, possession of antagonistic activity as well as reducing the level of stress ethylene in host plants. Colonization of these bacteria can be tracked by tagging them with certain molecular markers such as β-glucuronidase (gus) or green fluorescent protein (gfp) followed by electron microscopy or laser scanning confocal microscopy. Associative bacteria and endophytes may express genes differentially to colonize and establish the plant interior. They may also use ‘quorum sensing’ molecules for colonization process. Present review aims to highlight various plant growth promoting properties, ecology and updates of molecular mechanisms involved in interaction between associative bacteria and plants as well as immune responses triggered by these bacteria in plants.
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    Erwinia carotovora associated with Potato: A Critical Appraisal with respect to Indian perspective
    (IJCMAS, 2013) Jha, Prabhat N.
    Erwinia carotovora, an important gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria (Family Enterobacteriaceae), causes soft rot diseases on wide variety of crop species, chiefly potato which is characterized by blackleg of potato plants and soft rot of its tubers during the storage condition, thus causing extreme yield losses worldwide. The aim of proposed review is to depicts the current status and analyze the molecular diversity of E. carotovora, recovered from potato and highlighting the various techniques or methods used for Erwinia diseases management
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    Natural occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a dominant cultivable diazotrophic endophytic bacterium colonizing Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
    (Elsiever, 2013) Jha, Prabhat N.; Panwar, Jitendra
    Endophytic microbial communities can have strong influence on the growth of their host plants. The present study reports a diazotrophic endophytic bacterial species that colonizes predominantly Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) and remains stabilized throughout the latter's various growth stages under field conditions. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the endophytic bacterial population structure were examined during the plant growth period at regular intervals of 7 days up to harvesting. DNA fingerprinting (ERIC-PCR) was used as a biomarker to track the identity of various isolates obtained at different time intervals. Identification of representative bacterial species corresponding to different ERIC types was made on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on the colony forming unit (cfu) count of bacterial isolates observed at various growth stages, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM389 was found to be the dominant diazotrophic species among the cultivable endophytes colonizing pearl millet. The population of P. aeruginosa was detected in the host 21 days after sowing (DAS), indicating its entry in plant roots from soil and suggesting its non-vertical transfer in pearl millet. Moreover, an upward migration of this dominant diazotrophic bacterial species to shoots was observed with the plant growth. Further evaluation of P. aeruginosa PM389 revealed its various plant growth promoting properties viz. nitrogen fixation, mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and antagonistic properties.