Department of Biological Sciences
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Item Antimicrobial Haplindole Alkaloids as Chemical Marker for Rapid Identification of Stigonematales (Cyanobacteria)(Taylor & Francis, 2020-12) Verma, Sanjay KumarAntimicrobial Hapalindole alkaloids have been identified in the order Stigonematales. Being exclusively present in a few members of this order, they can easily serve as a good chemical marker for their identification. In the present experiment, some locally isolated cyanobacterial strains were identified on the basis of these chemical compounds. Cyanobacterial strains were isolated from natural samples through standard techniques. Their antimicrobial activity was tested against various fungal and bacterial strains, which include: Psuedomonas syringe, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Cercospora canescens and Colletotricum dematium. Of the several natural isolates, two strains showed strong antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms. Isolates showing antimicrobial activity were further subjected to DART-MS analysis to identify the chemical compounds. Mass spectra revealed the presence of a range of hapalindole alkaloids, which were confirmed through their exact mass measurement, elemental composition determination, and fragment ion generation in the DART source. Quantitative analysis was conducted by measuring relative abundance.Item Antibacterial properties of Alkaloid rich fractions obtained from various parts of Prosopis juliflora(IJPSR, 2011) Verma, Sanjay KumarThe alkaloid rich fraction obtained from various parts of Prosopis juliflora were assessed for their antibacterial property using disc diffusion method on several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains like E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Psuedomonas putida, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Acinetobacter and Alcaligen. Strong antibacterial effect was shown by leaf, pod and flower extract, with MIC value ranging between 25μg/ml-100μg/ml. The extracts of leaves showed highest activity among all the plant parts. Klebsiella was found to be the most susceptible bacteria, whereas Acinetobacter and Alcaligen were the least susceptible. A comparison of zone of inhibition created by alkaloid rich fractions with that of standard antibiotics, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, oflaxacin, refampin, streptomycin and sulfa drug showed a comparable zone of inhibition. Growth of Acinetobacter and Alcaligen which were not inhibited by antibiotics, showed inhibition by the alkaloidal extracts, similarly a known ampicillin resistant E.coli strain was found to be inhibited by the plant extracts. Alkaloids present in the extracts were analysed by DART-MS. DART-MS analysis of the alkaloid rich fractions showed the presence of piperidine alkaloids.Item Study of the distribution profile of piperidine alkaloids in various parts of Prosopis juliflora by the application of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS)(Springer, 2012) Verma, Sanjay KumarDirect Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) was applied to identify and study the distribution profile of piperidine alkaloids in different parts of Prosopis juliflora, without isolation and separation of the compounds by standard chromatographic techniques. With the help of DART-MS, chemical fingerprint of raw plant parts were generated, which revealed the presence of piperidine alkaloids in leaf, pod and flower. A comparative study of the distribution pattern, showed variation in the presence and distribution of these alkaloids in various parts of P. juliflora. The leaves and pod displayed the largest alkaloid pattern with a total of 12 different alkaloids in each part, whereas only 4 alkaloids were present in flower. Alkaloids: julifloridine, prosopine, prosopinine and prosafrinine were ubiquitously distributed in all the alkaloid rich plant parts. Juliprosopine was pre-eminet alkaloid in leaf, whereas pod and flower displayed copious amounts of julifloridine.Item Application of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) for Identification of an Epiphytic Cyanobacterium, Nostoc Sp.(Taylor & Francis, 2012-05-12) Verma, Sanjay KumarCyanobacteria, a diverse group of bacteria are identified entirely on the basis of morphological characters, which can frequently lead to incorrect results; therefore, the present study reports a new approach for identification of an organism based on DART technique. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to identify a cyanobacterium, isolated from the leaf surface, on the basis of characteristic chemical compounds present in the strain. A chemical fingerprint was generated and peaks obtained were found to be similar to the masses of the compounds reported for Nostoc spItem Synergistic Effects of the Alkaloids of Prosopis juliflora, Causing Multiple Organ Toxicity in Mouse Model(Taylor & Francis, 2016-09) Verma, Sanjay KumarThe present study was aimed to identify the role of Prosopis juliflora alkaloids in animal toxicity. Total alkaloids were extracted from the leaves of this plant and were separated into various fractions. Chemical characterization of the alkaloids and its separated fractions were done by DART-MS technique, which revealed the presence of piperidine group of alkaloids. They were subjected for acute toxicity analysis for the calculation of median lethal dose (LD50). LD50 value obtained was in the range of 27-100 mg/kg body weight and was lowest for the total alkaloid mixture, indicating a synergistic behavior. Subacute toxicity study of the total alkaloid extract was conducted for a period of 14 days at sub-lethal dose levels of 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/ kg body weight. Physical parameters, biochemical parameters related to organ toxicity and hematological parameters were studied as end point of evaluation. Histopathological studies were also conducted to assess any organ specific toxicity. Results obtained showed toxic symptoms in multiple organs at high doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight.