Department of Biological Sciences

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    Unveiling the dye adsorption capability of Moringa oleifera functionalized hybrid porous MOF–GO composites: in vitro and in silico ecotoxicity assessment via antibacterial and molecular docking studies
    (RSC, 2024-06) Panwar, Jitendra; Gupta, Suresh
    The present study demonstrated the synthesis of sustainable and eco-friendly composites composed of Fe & Al metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOF and Al-MOF) and their graphene oxide composites (AlGC and FeGC). Post-synthetic surface functionalization of developed composites was done with Moringa oleifera leaves powder extract. The synthesized MOFs and composites were characterized using standard techniques. The ability of synthesized MOFs and composites to remove methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from wastewater was evaluated. Based on the higher dye removal ability, detailed dye adsorption studies were performed with functionalized composites (AlGC and FeGC). Taguchi optimization design was utilized to optimize the four testing factors, viz. contact time, initial dye concentration, composite dosage, and temperature, along with five levels for each factor to achieve the highest capacity for dye adsorption. The composites exhibited outstanding equilibrium adsorption capacities for MO (AlGC: 577 ± 37 and FeGC: 631 ± 42 mg g−1) and MB (AlGC: 336 ± 13 and FeGC: 387 ± 7 mg g−1) dyes, which are found to be the highest among the reported composites so far. Applying isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic models confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic reactions for the physisorption of both dyes. The regeneration studies showed more than ∼65% dye removal efficiency of both the composites up to three adsorption–desorption cycles, which confirms their reusability at the industrial scale. The environmental toxicity of developed composites was analyzed by antibacterial studies against selected ecologically important soil bacteria as well as by molecular docking studies against protein targets of selected microorganisms
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    Non-derivatizing solvent assisted waste-derived cellulose/ MOF composite porous matrix for efficient metal ion removal: comprehensive analysis of batch and continuous packed-bed column sorption studies
    (RSC, 2024-07) Panwar, Jitendra; Gupta, Suresh
    The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for wastewater treatment in continuous operation is a major challenge. To address this, the present study demonstrates the eco-friendly and economic synthesis of Ca-MOF immobilized cellulose beads (Ca-MOF-CB) derived from paper waste. The synthesized Ca-MOF-CB were characterized using standard analytical techniques. Batch sorption studies were performed to check the effect of cellulose composition (wt%), Ca-MOF loading, contact time, and initial metal ion (Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+) concentration. Ca-MOF-CB beads exhibited outstanding equilibrium sorption capacities for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+, with estimated values of 281.22 ± 7.8, 104.01 ± 10.58, and 114.21 ± 9.68 mg g−1, respectively. Different non-linear isotherms and kinetic models were applied which confirmed the spontaneous, endothermic reactions for the physisorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+. Based on the highest equilibrium sorption capacity for Pb2+ ion, in-depth parametric column studies were conducted in an indigenously developed packed-bed column set-up. The effect of packed-bed height (10 and 20 cm), inlet flow rate (5 and 10 mL min−1), and inlet Pb2+ ion concentration (200, 300, and 500 mg L−1) were studied. The breakthrough curves obtained at different operating conditions were fitted with the empirical models viz. the bed depth service time (BDST), Yoon–Nelson, Thomas, and Yan to estimate the column design parameters. In order to determine the financial implications at large-scale industrial operations, an affordable synthesis cost of 1 kg of Ca-MOF-CB was estimated. Conclusively, the present study showed the feasibility of the developed Ca-MOF-CB for the continuous removal of metal ions at an industrial scale.