Department of Biological Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Abiotic stress

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    Mechanisms of sensing abiotic stress responses in plants
    (Elsevier, 2025) Joshi, Mukul
    Plants encounter various environmental stresses, and they need unique strategies to adapt to such adverse conditions. This chapter represents the mechanisms of sensing abiotic stresses and responses in plants. This includes the stress signal reception, sensing, and transduction via different factors into intracellular signaling, further inducing stress-responsive genes and proteins. After receiving the stress on the cell surface and sensing it by primary messengers, intracellular Ca2+ ions are major messengers that increase during most stress-induced signal transduction pathways. The induced Ca2+ initiates different pathways for different abiotic stresses and downstream cellular processes, many of which are common to various stresses and result in stress-specific physiological and developmental responses. Significant progress has been made in understanding the early to downstream events in abiotic stress signaling in plants, which is reviewed and documented in this chapter.
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    2 - Signaling cross talk between biotic and abiotic stress responses in soybean
    (Academic Press, 2016) Sharma, Rita
    Biotic and abiotic stresses take a heavy toll on crop productivity in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). To deal with this problem, considerable efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism underlying stress perception and tolerance in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent advances have highlighted several candidate genes that are involved in tolerance to more than one type of stress and, therefore, affect the outcome of the stress response. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the key transcription factors and signaling components known to regulate stress cross talk in soybean. In total, twenty genes have been demonstrated to confer tolerance to multiple stresses using transgenic approaches. However, to date, only three genes including GmERF3, GmERF057, and GmCAM4 are known to confer tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, in addition to the key genes, the potential of microRNAs and mycorrhiza in engineering broad spectrum stress-tolerant soybean varieties has been discussed.
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    Identification, phylogeny, and transcript profiling of ERF family genes during development and abiotic stress treatments in tomato
    (Springer, 2010-10-05) Sharma, Rita
    Ethylene responsive transcription factors have been shown to be intimately connected to plant development, defense responses and stress signaling pathways and in order to use them for plant improvement, we need to have better understanding of these proteins. In this study, 85 ERF genes have been identified from tomato using raw EST data in various public repositories. Phylogenetic analysis with tomato ERF domains revealed their distribution in all the groups, previously identified in model systems. MEME motif analysis resulted in identification of conserved domains, characteristic to member of each clade, in addition to ERF domain. Expression analysis during vegetative and reproductive stages of development using QPCR and tomato GeneChip® arrays, revealed their tissue-specific/preferential accumulation. In total, 57 genes were found to be differentially expressed during temporal stages of tomato fruit development. The expression analysis of 23 ERF family genes representing each clade in response to seven abiotic stress treatments revealed their differential expression in response to more than one abiotic stress treatments. Results suggest that ERF genes play diverse roles in plant’s life and comprehensive data generated will be helpful in conducting functional genomics studies to understand their precise role during plant development and stress response.
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    Cloning and characterization of the Salicornia brachiata Na+/H+ antiporter gene SbNHX1 and its expression by abiotic stress
    (Springer, 2010-09) Joshi, Mukul
    Salinity causes multifarious adverse effects to plants. Plants response to salt stress involves numerous processes that function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyperosmolarity and ion disequilibrium. A Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1 gene has been isolated from a halophytic plant Salicornia brachiata in this study. Predicted amino acid sequence similarity, protein topology and the presence of functional domains conserved in SbNHX1 classify it as a plant vacuolar NHX gene. The SbNHX1 cDNA has an open reading frame of 1,683 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 560 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass 62.44 kDa. The SbNHX1 shows high amino acid similarity with other halophytic NHX gene and belongs to Class-I type NHXs. TMpred suggests that SbNHX1 contains 11 strong transmembrane (TM). Real time PCR analysis revealed that SbNHX1 transcript expresses maximum at 0.5 M. Transcript increases gradually by increasing the treatment duration at 0.5 M NaCl, however, maximum expression was observed at 48 h. The overexpression of SbNHX1 gene in tobacco plant showed NaCl tolerance. This study shows that SbNHX1 is a potential gene for salt tolerance, and can be used in future for developing salt tolerant crops.