Department of Biological Sciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Biodiesel

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    Lipase Immobilization Techniques for Biodiesel Production: An Overview
    (IBIMA, 2014-05-13) Bhagavatula, Vani; Mehrotra, Rajesh; Mehrotra, Sandhya
    The growing energy needs and depleting fuel sources compel us to look towards production of biodiesel, an appropriate alternative. The industrially used chemical catalysis process is beset with problems that enzymatic production using lipases could avoid. In this light, the immobilization of lipases plays an important role in the optimization of the production process. This review discusses the various techniques that have been studied for lipase immobilization, namely adsorption, covalent attachment, entrapment, cross-linked enzyme agglomerates and whole-cell biocatalysts, while highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. It also sheds light on the future of enzyme immobilization and its industrial application.
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    The static extraction of lipid from microalgae Desmodesmus sp. MCC34
    (WRA, 2016) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
    The commonly used techniques for extraction of lipids from dry or wet biomass involve energy intensive steps such as cell lysis, high temperature and cell mixing causing substantial energy burden on the process. In present work, we report our finding on using a static method of mixing standard solvent with dry algal biomass without stirring. This extraction procedure was found to depend on the ratio of solvent volume to the biomass (SBR) and surface area factor (SAF). The kinetic study suggests that the static extraction followed Patricelli model of bi-phasic lipid extraction, consisting of a rapid washing step followed by the diffusion step. The results also suggest that the rate of lipid extraction in static process at optimum SBR and SAF, matched the rate of extraction obtained when lysed biomass was used or in the case where biomass was mixed (stirred) with solvent.
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    Co-production of biodiesel and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) from microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. MCC34
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-08-27) Verma, Sanjay Kumar
    Microalgae are a potential source of biofuel and nutraceuticals. In the present study, Desmodesmussp. MCC34 was identified as a promising species for biodiesel and omega-3 fatty acid productions after initial screening since it had displayed the highest lipid productivity of 15.9 mg L−1 day−1 and alpha-linolenic acid of 24% of total fatty acids. Using silver ion chromatography, 92% of pure alpha-linolenic acid was selectively removed from total lipid of Desmodesmussp. MCC34, while the residual oil having a higher amount of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids displayed biodiesel property adhering to international standards, suggesting fuel co-application.
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    Biodiesel production through lipase catalyzed transesterification: An overview
    (Elsiever, 2010) Jha, Prabhat N.; Mehrotra, Rajesh
    Recently, with the global shortage of fossil fuels, excessive increase in the price of crude oil and increased environmental concerns have resulted in the rapid growth in biodiesel production. The central reaction in the biodiesel production is the transesterification reaction which could be catalyzed either chemically or enzymatically. Enzymatic transesterification has certain advantages over the chemical catalysis of transesterification, as it is less energy intensive, allows easy recovery of glycerol and the transesterification of glycerides with high free fatty acid contents. Limitations of the enzyme catalyzed reactions include high cost of enzyme, low yield, high reaction time and the amount of water and organic solvents in the reaction mixture. Researchers have been trying to overcome these limitations in the enzyme catalyzed transesterification reaction. This paper is meant to review the latest development in the field of lipase catalyzed transesterification of biologically derived oil to produce biodiesel.