Department of Civil Engineering

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Author: search.filters.author.Bhargava, NishantSubject: search.filters.subject.Microsurfacing

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    State of the art review on design and performance of microsurfacing
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019-04) Bhargava, Nishant
    Over the years, microsurfacing had gained popularity owing to the effectiveness, economic and environmental benefits as a pavement preventive maintenance treatment. The review study explores the merits and demerits of mix design procedures along with modifications suggested by various studies. Subsequently, studies on the performance of microsurfacing had been extensively reviewed and significant parameters contributing to variation in performance were identified. Literature review indicated that the microsurfacing mix design, unlike conventional hot mix asphalt, was complicated due to chemically controlled curing system and additional components involving microsurfacing production. Despite simple test procedures, most commonly adopted mix design parameters such as mixing and setting time, and torque-measurements exhibit operator specific variability in test results. In order to overcome such issues, mechanical modifications for mixing and automated measurements of parameter values were proposed by several researchers. Laboratory investigations on microsurfacing performance highlighted that the inclusion of process control parameters and environmental conditions to mimic field conditions could further improve the evaluation of microsurfacing durability. In terms of field performance, even though microsurfacing contribute to road safety, issues related to noise and reflective cracking would require further research for better understanding and possible solutions. Hence, the evaluation of synergistic influence of parameters on microsurfacing performance by simulating production and environmental conditions in a laboratory would allow better quantification of the associated failures and help to find probable solutions.
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    Sustainable Development with Microsurfacing: A Review
    (ASME, 2021-03) Bhargava, Nishant
    In recent times, sustainable development has been the primary focus of research and development in the pavement industry. In this respect, microsurfacing was viewed as sustainable pavement preservation and has emerged as a cost-effective pavement maintenance alternative for enhancing performance, increasing service life, and ensuring safety with minimal environmental impact. In this review, the impact of microsurfacing application on the economic, social, and environmental components were explored from the published literature. Studies show that with microsurfacing application, there was a 31 % savings in cost as compared with conventional hot-mix asphalt. Furthermore, a brief economic analysis was carried out, which confirmed microsurfacing as one of the most cost-effective preventative treatment with minimum equivalent uniform annual cost. However, the economic benefits of microsurfacing were dependent upon distress type and intensity, pavement age, climatic conditions, and traffic volume. In addition, the social benefits included enhanced skid resistance, reduced hydroplaning, better riding quality, and pleasing aesthetic appearance. Moreover, the main environmental benefits of microsurfacing, as reported by various researchers, included low energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emission, conservation of natural resources, and reduction in tire-pavement noise. Review also reported the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of microsurfacing application. Even with certain weakness and probable challenges, application of microsurfacing showed enormous potential for further improvement. Incorporation of recycled or waste materials, compaction prior to opening for traffic, and project-related specifications are some areas for further research. However, certain challenges, like insufficient fund allocation, implementation or performance issues, and production variability, had to be mitigated for smooth and rapid development. Thus, with encouraging results and a promising future, microsurfacing had excelled in both technological and sustainability aspects.
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    Systematic approach to address challenges in microsurfacing mix design
    (Elsevier, 2021-02) Bhargava, Nishant
    This paper presents a systematic laboratory approach for microsurfacing mix design to address the challenges faced due to multiple components and associated chemical complexity. A comprehensive laboratory study was undertaken to understand the variation in microsurfacing mix performance with respect to filler characteristics, mineral filler and emulsion components including emulsifier dosage, asphalt binder type and solvent. First, replacement of filler was done to address the issue of pre-mature breaking which was related to very high reactivity of aggregates. Next, the type and dosage of mineral filler was selected using cohesion test. Interestingly, the combination of cement (2%) and fly ash (1%) imparted highest cohesion highlighting the benefits associated with incorporation of waste materials having pozzolanic characteristics in the mix. In terms of emulsion components, use of higher emulsifier dosage showed a delay in the curing process which in turn, resulted in inferior cohesion, raveling and rutting resistance. Further, incorporation of harder asphalt binder and the use of solvent during emulsion production resulted in reduction in rutting by>61%. Raveling resistance was also found to be dependent on the use of solvent indicating the importance of maintaining equiviscous temperature during emulsion production. From the results, a narrow range diagram illustrating the acceptable range of emulsion content considering all design parameters was recommended to determine optimum emulsion content (OEC). The mid-point of acceptable emulsion content range was termed as OEC which, in the present study, was found to be 14% by dry weight of aggregates.
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    Influence of ageing and moisture conditions on the ravelling resistance of the micro-surfacing mix
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024-07) Bhargava, Nishant
    In this study, the durability of the micro-surfacing mix was assessed by investigating the synergistic effect of ageing and moisture conditioning on ravelling. A total of 30 combinations of conditioning protocols were considered. Ageing time and temperature were varied between 85–105°C and 24–120 h, whereas moisture conditioning time and temperature were varied between 25–60°C and 24–192 h. The results showed that after the mix was fully cured, increased stiffness led to a substantial decrease in ravelling. Synergistic assessment of ageing and moisture showed that ageing temperature had the highest, whereas moisture conditioning time had the least influence on ravelling. It was noticed that once the specimens were fully cured and subjected to further ageing, the effect of moisture conditioning temperature on ravelling became minimal. Overall, laboratory investigations pointed out that micro-surfacing should be applied during favourable environmental conditions, facilitating faster moisture loss and strength gain to improve durability.