Department of Civil Engineering

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    Characterization of stainless steel pickling bath sludge and its solidification/stabilization
    (Elsevier, 2008-06) Singhal, Anupam
    X-ray diffractometer analysis of stainless steel sulfuric acid pickling bath sludge shows that it contains FeCr2O4, NiCr2O4, NiCrO4, and Cr2O3, which do not dissolve in the acids. X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) study reveals that chromium concentration in the sludge is as high as in stainless steel, whereas nickel concentration is on lower side and iron is the major constituent of the sludge. Cement-sludge sand mortar cubes have been prepared in the laboratory. Compressive strength of these cubes decreases linearly with increase in sludge content. As per US EPA TCLP test, heavy metal (Cr and Ni) concentrations are negligible in leachate of cement-sludge sand mortar cubes at 28 days of curing. Hence, cement-sludge sand mortar cubes can be made for safe disposal of sludge.
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    Utilization of treated spent liquor sludge with fly ash in cement and concrete
    (Elsevier, 2008-06) Singhal, Anupam
    Design mix of M-20 concrete was prepared in the laboratory by substituting cement with the treated spent liquor sludge (TSLS) and fly ash. During the study, TSLS is fixed at 7.5% by weight, and fly ash is varied as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% to study the possibility of replacement of cement. A 15% fly ash gives the optimum compressive strength. Addition of fly ash has resulted in complete removal of toxicity as per US EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. A total of 7.5% sludge and 15% fly ash in M-20 concrete is expected to save Rs. 252/m3 (≈USD 5.3/m3) of concrete.
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    Trials on sludge of lime treated spent liquor of pickling unit for use in the cement concrete and its leaching characteristics
    (2007) Singhal, Anupam
    Disposal of sludge of lime treated spent liquor pickling unit, as per the Act of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 is not easy. Its transportation and construction of lined disposal sites pose very severe problem. In the normal practice, sludge is being disposed off on sides of roads and railway tracks to generally fill the low-lying areas. This may cause severe health hazards. An attempt has therefore been made to utilize the treated spent liquor sludge in cement concrete. Design mix M20 has been prepared with varying concentration of sludge in the laboratory. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test as per USEPA has been carried out on cement concrete cubes
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    Leaching Characteristics of Fly Ash Generated From Suratgarh Thermal Power Plant
    (Informatics Publishing Ltd, 2016) Singh, Ajit Pratap
    This paper presents the results of short-term leach tests conducted on slightly alkaline fly ash collected from Suratgarh Super Thermal Power Plant (SSTPP), Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India. ASTM D3987-85 (ASTM) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test methods were applied on fresh fly ash (FA-1) and weathered fly ash (FA-2), to understand the leaching characteristics of the elements Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Ni, Si, Pb, Sr, Cd, Al, Mg, V, Ti, and As inherent in the SSTPP fly ash. Morphological, quantitative and qualitative elemental as well as mineralogical analyses of fly ash samples were done using XRD, FEG-SEM and ICP-AES techniques. The results showed that both the fly ashes comprise mainly of Bavenite, Silicon Oxide Quartz and Berlinite minerals. The concentration of V (in both FA-1 and FA-2) and Cr (only in FA-1) exceeded the acceptable limit prescribed by New-Zealand waste acceptance criteria for class-A landfill. The TCLP test rendered more mobility to almost all the elements. The concentrations of As (in FA-1), Fe, Cr (not in ASTM FA-2), Mn, Pd and Se (not in ASTM FA-2) in the leachates exceeded the WHO drinking water standards for both TCLP and ASTM tests whereas Ni and Ba surpassed only in TCLP test. The high elemental concentrations of various elements in the leachates thereby suggest a fair amount of pollution potential of SSTPP fly ash.