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    Newly Designed Resorcinolate Binding for Ru(II)– and Re(I)–Polypyridyl Complexes on Oleic Acid Capped TiO2 in Nonaqueous Solvent: Prolonged Charge Separation and Substantial Thermalized 3MLCT Injection
    (ACS, 2013-01-23) Banerjee, Tanmay
    Femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopic studies on a series of newly synthesized resorcinol-based Ru(II) and Re(I) complexes on oleic acid capped TiO2 nanoparticles have been carried out in chloroform, and the results are compared with those of the catechol analogues. The ruthenium complex shows biexponential injection; the second component arises due to injection from the thermally equilibrated 3MLCT states as a result of a weaker strength of the resorcinolate binding. Also, in comparison with catechol binding, as a result of a greater diffusion of the injected electrons into TiO2, the back electron transfer (BET) is slowed down significantly for the ruthenium complex. These are distinctive observations for any mononuclear ruthenium–polypyridyl–enediol complex reported thus far. However, the rhenium complex educes single exponential ultrafast injection (<120 fs) because of apparent injection in a high density of states and shows the most prominent results with ∼50% slowdown in the charge recombination rate as compared to the analogous catechol bound system. These results exemplify the probable development of highly capable sensitizer dyes with resorcinol as the anchoring group for the development of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.
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    Synthesis, Steady-State, and Femtosecond Transient Absorption Studies of Resorcinol Bound Ruthenium(II)- and Osmium(II)-polypyridyl Complexes on Nano-TiO2 Surface in Water
    (ACS, 2013-04-05) Banerjee, Tanmay
    The synthesis of two new ruthenium(II)- and osmium(II)-polypyridyl complexes 3 and 4, respectively, with resorcinol as the enediol anchoring moiety, is described. Steady-state photochemical and electrochemical studies of the two sensitizer dyes confirm strong binding of the dyes to TiO2 in water. Femtosecond transient absorption studies have been carried out on the dye–TiO2 systems in water to reveal <120 fs and 1.5 ps electron injection times along with 30% slower back electron transfer time for the ruthenium complex 3. However, the corresponding osmium complex 4 shows strikingly different behavior for which only a <120 fs ultrafast injection is observed. Most remarkably, the back electron transfer is faster as compared to the corresponding catechol analogue of the dye. The origin and the consequences of such profound effects on the ultrafast interfacial dynamics are discussed. This Article on the electron transfer dynamics of the aforesaid systems reinforces the possibility of resorcinol being explored and developed as an extremely efficient binding moiety for use in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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    Superior Grafting and State-of-the-Art Interfacial Electron Transfer Rates for Newly Designed Geminal Dicarboxylate Bound Ruthenium(II)– and Osmium(II)–Polypyridyl Dyes on TiO2 Nanosurface
    (ACS, 2014-02-04) Banerjee, Tanmay
    Two new Ru(II)–/Os(II)–polypyridyl based sensitizer dyes with geminal dicarboxylic acid group as the binding unit for superior grafting of the dye to TiO2 have been designed and synthesized. Steady-state photochemical studies of the two sensitizer dyes in presence of TiO2 in water confirm strong binding of the dyes to TiO2. Femtosecond transient absorption studies of these newly synthesized dyes on TiO2 nanosurface have been carried out in water and the results have been compared with those for the corresponding 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine analogues of the dyes. While the charge recombination rates are considerably slower, interestingly, the electron injection rates are very fast for multiple saturated C–C linkages present between the chromophoric core and the anchoring moiety. The origin and the consequences of such profound effects on the ultrafast interfacial dynamics are discussed. This is the first report on the ultrafast transient absorption studies of dyes with geminal dicarboxylic acid binding groups, which we believe will add significantly to the present research efforts toward the development of robust and efficient dyes for use in dye solar applications.
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    Ultrafast Electron Injection, Hole Transfer, and Charge Recombination Dynamics in CdSe QD Super-Sensitized Re(I)–Polypyridyl Complexes with Catechol and Resorcinol Moiety: Effect of Coupling
    (ACS, 2015-01-26) Banerjee, Tanmay
    Ultrafast charge-transfer dynamics have been demonstrated in CdSe quantum dots (QD) using two Re(I)–polypyridyl complexes having pendent catechol (Re1,2) and resorcinol (Re1,3) as the sensitizer molecules. The energy level diagram of CdSe QD and Re1,2 and Re1,3 sensitizer reveals that photoexcited hole of CdSe QD can be transferred to both Re1,2 and Re1,3 molecule, and photoexcited Re1,2 and Re1,3 can inject electron in the conduction band, which has been confirmed by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence studies with selective photoexcitation. Femtosecond transient absorption studies have been carried out to monitor charge-transfer dynamics in early time scale. Transient absorption spectra show formation of cation radicals for both Re1,2 and Re1,3 in the 550–650 nm region with a peak at 590 nm region and broad absorption in the 650–1000 nm region, which can be attributed to photoexcited electron in the conduction band of CdSe QD. Charge recombination was determined by monitoring the decay of cation radicals as well as decay of an electron and found to be slower in the Re1,3/CdSe system as compared to that of the Re1,2/CdSe system, which is due to weaker electronic coupling in the former system.
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    Diphenylisobenzofuran Bound to Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Excimer Formation, Singlet Fission, Electron Injection, and Low Energy Sensitization
    (ACS, 2018-11-20) Banerjee, Tanmay
    We report the photophysical properties of the dicarboxylated diphenylisobenzofuran dye (1) bound to nanocrystalline metal oxide surfaces. With increased surface loading of 1, emission from the films is significantly quenched but with a small amount of excimer emission at maximum surface loadings. Long-lived triplets were observed by ns TA spectroscopy that are consistent with singlet fission occurring on mesoporous ZrO2. The evolution of these triplets, however, could not be convincingly resolved by our subnanosecond TA spectroscopy. Dye-sensitized devices composed of 1 on a TiO2|Al2O3 core–shell structure exhibited an unusual decrease, increase, and then decrease in Jsc with respect to the thickness of Al2O3. In these films the Al2O3 acts as a tunneling barrier to slow electron injection from the singlet excited state such that singlet fission, and electron injection from the triplet state becomes competitive. Proof-of-principle self-assembled bilayer films that exhibit efficient triplet energy transfer from a low energy absorbing dye to 1 is demonstrated as another step toward a SF-based DSSC that can circumvent the Shockley–Queisser limit.