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Author: search.filters.author.Bhatt, GeetaHas files: No

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    Basic principles of impedance spectroscopy
    (CRC Press, 2023) Bhatt, Geeta
    Impedance spectroscopy of biomolecules is a growing domain that deals with the study and analysis of various analyte molecules to express high-utility applications. The analytes can be directly extracted from the environment or are derived from nature through some biological/biochemical processes. The common biological analytes are drugs, DNA/RNA, cells, pathogenic bacteria, enzymes, ions, and gases. Impedance analysis measures the impedance characteristics of an analyte over a long-range frequency sweep and interprets its behavior for various frequency domains. This detection method can be utilized for analysis in an independent or integrated format with various discrete analysis/supporting techniques. Along with extensive application in the biomedical field, this technique is also used in several other applications like the analysis of electroactive polymer thin films, colloids, lubricants, paints, and batteries/fuel cells. This chapter explains the utility of impedance analysis through a detailed explanation of fundamental principles, its several components, equivalent circuit diagrams, and their common applications.
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    Impedance spectroscopy and its application in biological detection
    (CRC Press, 2023-12) Bhatt, Geeta
    This book includes basics of impedance spectroscopy technology, substrate compatibility issues, integration capabilities, and several applications in the detection of different analytes. It helps explore the importance of this technique in biological detection, related micro/nanofabricated platforms and respective integration, biological synthesis schemes to carry out the detection, associated challenges, and related future directions. The various qualitative/quantitative findings of several modules are summarized in the form of the detailed descriptions, schematics, and tables. Features: Serves as a single source for exploring underlying fundamental principles and the various biological applications through impedance spectroscopy Includes chapters based on nonbiological applications of impedance spectroscopy and IoT-enabled impedance spectroscopy-based methods for detection Discusses derivations, substrates, applications, and several integrations Describes micro/nanofabrication of impedance-based biological sensors Reviews updated integrations like digital manufacturing and IoT
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    A historical perspective on impedance spectroscopy and its application in biological detection
    (CRC Press, 2023) Bhatt, Geeta
    Electrical/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a generalized term for the technique in which the impedance response of a system/analyte is generally measured over a particular range of frequencies to analyze its behavior. Sometimes, the measurement can also be taken over the time domain, and then Fourier-transformed to the frequency domain. The impedance measurements recorded in a particular medium interpret the behavior of the analyte, which is further adapted as per the user’s needs. The EIS measurements can be utilized for any kind of analyte, viz. biological/nonbiological and solid/liquid/gas, provided they show a noticeable impedance change. Hence, EIS has a large domain of applicability and with a view to enhance its capability, extensive research in this field is being done with various analytes. To offer the knowledge of this field’s most recent literature to researchers and experimentalists, this book primarily compiles the various studies available in the impedance spectroscopy domain. The chapters of this book have been organized to initially detail the fundamentals of the EIS process, its device fabrication aspects, various substrate/material requirements, the utility of microfluidic integration, its applications (mostly biological), various technological integrations, and, finally, the challenges in EIS implementation.
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    Evolution of 3d printing technology in fabrication of microfluidic devices and biological applications: a comprehensive review
    (Sage, 2024-04) Bhatt, Geeta
    Lab-on-a-chip or LOC is a term that is used to describe microfluidic devices that integrate multiple analyte detection, which are normally carried out in a laboratory, into one micro-chip unit and may have applications in diverse fields such as electronics, medicine and biomedical domains. Even though microfluidics has advanced greatly during the past decade due to increased needs for portability, reduced sample requirement and multiple analyte detection capabilities biological research has not adopted the technology at the required pace. This may be owing to the time-consuming and expensive process involved in the microfabrication of biochips, the requirement of specialised setup facilities and the extremely high cost associated with microfluidics as compared to conventional technologies. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has piqued curiosity in the scientific community. It has the potential to create complex, high-resolution structures and that too in a short timeframe depending upon device complexity. This could inspire progressive research in microfluidics, particularly finding applications in biomedical engineering and point-of-care diagnostics. This article gives an overview of how 3D printing aids in the manufacture of microfluidic devices for biological applications, as well as the existing 3D printing methods which are utilised for fabrication and the future perspective in the development of microfluidic devices.
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    Review of electrokinetic flows and their applications in BioMEMS sensors
    (Sage, 2024-11) Bhatt, Geeta
    BioMEMS integrates various interdisciplinary research domains to facilitate biological detection of analytes on electromechanically integrated microchips. It inherently utilizes electrical supplies to the system to serve the detection in many ways except colorimetric detection. In the context of microchip-based devices, the electric pulses generally serve one of the two primary purposes, either as low-level excitation signal or as a source of analyte manipulation in some manner. Among these effects, the study of the effect of electric pulses on the solution flow causing analyte manipulation is termed as electrokinetics. Depending on the kind of applied signal, there can be alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) electrokinetics. These effects can be integrated into the detection system through various means. In this context, this review article discusses in detail the utility of integrating electrokinetics in detection, the associated parameters, the various electrokinetics effects, and their applications in biological detection. Some important applications chosen for discussion are particle pre-concentration, particle separation, particle rotation, and gene transformation.
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    Anisotropic Stick-Slip Behavior of Aqueous Drops on Lubricated Chemically Heterogeneous Slippery Surfaces
    (ARXIV, 2020-08) Bhatt, Geeta
    Conventional slippery surfaces show isotropic drop mobility in all directions, but many applications require directional drop motion along a particular path only. In previous studies, researchers used topographic substrates, together with different external stimuli, to demonstrate anisotropic drop motion, which is not very efficient and cost-effective. Herein, we report a novel approach to smartly control drop motion on lubricating fluid-coated chemically heterogeneous surfaces composed of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic stripes. Upon depositing an aqueous drop on such a surface, the underneath lubricating fluid dewets from the hydrophilic regions but remains intact on the hydrophobic ones, providing sticky and slippery areas for the drop. This results in remarkable anisotropic drop sliding behavior, from uniform motion along parallel to stripes to stick-slip motion along the perpendicular to them. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a phase diagram summarizing different dynamic situations exhibited by drops, sticking, or moving in one or both directions.
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    2022 Index IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Vol. 21
    (IEEE, 2022-10) Bhatt, Geeta
    This index covers all technical items—papers, correspondence, reviews, etc.—that appeared in this periodical during 2022, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in 2022. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author’s name. The primary entry includes the coauthors’ names, the title of the paper or other item, and its location, specified by the publication abbreviation, year, month, and inclusive pagination. The Subject Index contains entries describing the item under all appropriate subject headings, plus the first author’s name, the publication abbreviation, month, and year, and inclusive pages. Note that the item title is found only under the primary entry in the Author Index.
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    Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices for the Detection of DNA
    (Springer, 2019-10) Bhatt, Geeta
    Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices are an attractive tool for point of care diagnostics as they facilitate fast detection without the need for any sophisticated instrumentation and skilled professional. These devices are disposable, portable, and affordable; hence, they are utilized in almost all the diagnostic domains for carrying out the detection. There are various aspects associated with the paper-based devices, namely working principle, reaction mechanism, fabrication schemes (2D/3D), detection sensitivity, and readout mechanism. Over the period, continuous progress is envisioned in all these domains to enhance the sensitivity of the detection and several variants, namely miniaturization, the inclusion of nanoparticles, multi-functionalization, etc. are also explored to make the detection more efficient. This chapter provides a state of the art review of the various aspects of paper-based microfluidic devices, including their fabrication scheme, sensing methodology, and their several applications in DNA detection domain. Also, advantages, disadvantages, and future aspects of these devices are also discussed.