BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Chamola, VinaySubject: search.filters.subject.Cellular networks

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    A Game Theoretic Analysis for Power Management and Cost Optimization of Green Base Stations in 5G and Beyond Communication Networks
    (IEEE, 2022-09) Chamola, Vinay; Joshi, Sandeep
    Due to the exponential increase in the number of users, the next-generation cellular networks are resource-constrained in power and bandwidth. Power consumption is one of the critical consideration for the next-generation wireless networks, therefore, management of available resources is essential to achieve power efficiency. With the growing incentive to ‘go green’ and to reduce the carbon footprint, the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless networks will derive power from renewable sources to solve the energy efficiency problems. This work focuses on integrated regulation of the traditional, i.e., the grid-based and the renewable, i.e., the solar-based power supplies for the 5G and beyond 5G green base stations (BSs) in a smart city scenario. We propose a pricing model for suppliers to charge the BSs for electricity consumption when the renewable power supply cannot meet their total energy requirements. We propose a game-theoretic analysis for cost optimization by proposing two games, i.e., the power control game and the best supplier game. Each BS acts as a game player and has some actions like power reduction and supplier selection to reduce the total energy costs. We also provide the game transition profiles for the BSs. Furthermore, the Nash Equilibrium’s existence is verified for each of these games and an optimal cost solution is proposed for the green BSs.
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    Power Outage Estimation and Resource Dimensioning for Solar Powered Cellular Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2016-12) Chamola, Vinay
    One of the major issues in the deployment of solar powered base stations (BSs) is to dimension the photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery size resources, while satisfying outage constraints with least cost. The fundamental step in this dimensioning is to evaluate the power outage probability associated with a particular configuration of PV panel and battery size. This paper addresses this issue by first proposing an analytic model to evaluate the power outage probability of a solar powered BS. The proposed model accounts for hourly as well as daily variation in the harvested solar energy as well as the load dependent BS power consumption. The model evaluates the steady state probability of the battery level, which is then used to estimate the BS power outage probability. Next, given a tolerable power outage probability, we address the problem of obtaining the cost-optimal PV panel and battery dimensions for the BS. The proposed model and the framework have been evaluated using empirical solar energy data for geographically diverse locations.
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    Green Energy and Delay Aware Downlink Power Control and User Association for Off-Grid Solar-Powered Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2018-09) Chamola, Vinay
    Cellular base stations (BSs) powered by renewable energy like solar power have emerged as a promising solution to address the issues of reducing the carbon footprint of the telecom industry as well as the operational cost associated with powering the BSs. This paper considers a network of off-grid solar-powered BSs and addresses two key challenges while operating them: first is avoiding energy outages and second is ensuring reliable quality of service (in terms of the network latency). In order to do so, the problem of minimizing the network latency given the constrained energy availability at the BSs is formulated. Unlike existing literature which have addressed this problem using user-association reconfiguration or BS on/off strategies, we address the problem by proposing an intelligent algorithm for allocating the harvested green energy over time, and green energy and delay aware downlink power control and user association. Using a real BS deployment scenario, we show the efficacy of our methodology and demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing benchmarks.
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    Delay Aware Resource Management for Grid Energy Savings in Green Cellular Base Stations With Hybrid Power Supplies
    (IEEE, 2017-03) Chamola, Vinay
    Base stations equipped with resources to harvest renewable energy are not only environment-friendly but can also reduce the grid energy consumed, thus bringing cost savings for the cellular network operators. Intelligent management of the harvested energy can further increase the cost savings. Such management of energy savings has to be carefully coupled with managing the quality of service so as to ensure customer satisfaction. In such a process, there is a trade-off between the energy drawn from grid and the quality of service. Unlike prior studies which mainly focus on network energy minimization, this paper proposes a framework for jointly managing the grid energy savings and the quality of service (in terms of the network latency), which is achieved by downlink power control and user association reconfiguration. We use a real BS deployment scenario from London, U.K., to show the performance of our proposed framework and compare it against existing benchmarks. We show that the proposed framework can lead to around 60% grid energy savings as well as better network latency performance than the traditionally used scheme
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    Downlink power control for latency aware grid energy savings in green cellular networks
    (IEEE, 2016) Narang, Pratik; Chamola, Vinay
    Mobile service providers can achieve cost savings by deploying Base Stations (BSs) which harvest renewable energy as they reduce the energy drawn from the grid and its associated cost. The cost savings can be further enhanced by careful management of the system resources. Furthermore, mobile operators require that such resource management be carefully coupled with managing the quality of service (QoS) to ensure customer satisfaction. This process involves trade-off between energy drawn from the grid and the QoS performance. In contrast to prior research which has addressed the problem of joint management of grid energy savings and the QoS performance using user-association reconfiguration or BS on/off schemes, we present a framework for doing so using BS downlink power control. Our proposed framework is evaluated through simulations using a real BS deployment from London, UK, and we show its superior performance over existing benchmarks. We demonstrate that our framework can lead to around 40% grid energy savings with better network latency performance as compared to the traditionally used scheme.