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Author: search.filters.author.Chamola, VinaySubject: search.filters.subject.Solar energy

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Energy and Latency Aware Resource Management for Solar Powered Cellular Networks
    (IEEE, 2020-02) Chamola, Vinay
    There is an increasing need to power cellular base stations (BSs) using solar energy in many parts of the globe. This is primarily because of the high cost of running these base stations on traditional power sources such as diesel due to a lack of reliable grid availability in those areas. Apart from the high cost, increasing diesel consumption also causes harm to the environment due to its increasing global carbon footprint. Using solar energy powered base stations is a highly promising solution to address these issues. One of the main areas of concern for solar powered cellular networks is to precisely manage the resources, namely, the available spectrum and energy so as to avoid power outages and to maintain an acceptable QoS for the end users. This article gives an overview of the challenges faced in resource management for solar powered base stations and presents state-of-the-art resource management strategies for both grid-connected and off-grid solar powered base stations.
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    Dimensioning stand-alone cellular base station using series-of-worst-months meteorological data
    (IEEE, 2014) Chamola, Vinay
    This paper presents a methodology for dimensioning the photo-voltaic (PV) and battery requirements of stand-alone, solar-powered cellular base stations. In contrast to existing methodologies that use intuitive methods or are based on Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, this paper proposes the use of series-of-worst-months data for dimensioning the base station. The proposed approach has the advantages of higher accuracy as well as being computationally more efficient. The proposed methodology has been verified using real meteorological data for a number of geographical locations.
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    An Energy and Delay Aware Downlink Power Control Strategy for Solar Powered Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2016-05) Chamola, Vinay
    Using renewable resources like solar energy to power the base stations (BSs) has emerged as a promising solution for greening cellular networks. One of the key challenges in operating a network of such BSs is to intelligently manage the green energy available to the BSs while ensuring reliable quality of service (QoS). This letter presents a methodology for maximizing the QoS, in terms of the network latency, given the constraints on the energy availability at the solar-powered BSs. In contrast to existing approaches based on user association reconfiguration, our methodology uses a combination of intelligent energy allocation and BS downlink power control. Using a real BS deployment scenario from U.K., we show the efficacy of our algorithm and demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing benchmarks.
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    A Multistate Markov Model for Dimensioning Solar Powered Cellular Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2015-10) Chamola, Vinay
    The dimensioning of photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery sizes is one of the major issues regarding the design of solar powered cellular base stations (BSs). This letter proposes a multistate Markov model for the hourly harvested solar energy to determine the cost optimal PV panel and battery dimensions for a given tolerable outage probability at a cellular BS.
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    Power Outage Estimation and Resource Dimensioning for Solar Powered Cellular Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2016-12) Chamola, Vinay
    One of the major issues in the deployment of solar powered base stations (BSs) is to dimension the photovoltaic (PV) panel and battery size resources, while satisfying outage constraints with least cost. The fundamental step in this dimensioning is to evaluate the power outage probability associated with a particular configuration of PV panel and battery size. This paper addresses this issue by first proposing an analytic model to evaluate the power outage probability of a solar powered BS. The proposed model accounts for hourly as well as daily variation in the harvested solar energy as well as the load dependent BS power consumption. The model evaluates the steady state probability of the battery level, which is then used to estimate the BS power outage probability. Next, given a tolerable power outage probability, we address the problem of obtaining the cost-optimal PV panel and battery dimensions for the BS. The proposed model and the framework have been evaluated using empirical solar energy data for geographically diverse locations.
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    Resource provisioning and dimensioning for solar powered cellular base stations
    (IEEE, 2014) Chamola, Vinay
    The deployment of cellular network infrastructure powered by renewable energy sources is gaining popularity as an avenue to provide coverage in areas without reliable grid power and also as a means to reduce the environmental impact of the telecommunications industry. To facilitate the deployment of such networks, this paper addresses the problem of resource provisioning and dimensioning solar powered base stations in terms of the required battery capacity and photo-voltaic (PV) panel sizing. The paper first develops a framework for evaluating the outage probability associated with a base station at a given location as a function of the battery and panel size, by using the solar energy and traffic profiles as inputs. A model is then proposed to evaluate the optimal battery and PV panel sizing, subject to the desired limit on the worst month outage probability. The proposed framework for dimensioning the base station's energy resource requirements has been evaluated using real solar irradiation data for multiple locations.
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    Green Energy and Delay Aware Downlink Power Control and User Association for Off-Grid Solar-Powered Base Stations
    (IEEE, 2018-09) Chamola, Vinay
    Cellular base stations (BSs) powered by renewable energy like solar power have emerged as a promising solution to address the issues of reducing the carbon footprint of the telecom industry as well as the operational cost associated with powering the BSs. This paper considers a network of off-grid solar-powered BSs and addresses two key challenges while operating them: first is avoiding energy outages and second is ensuring reliable quality of service (in terms of the network latency). In order to do so, the problem of minimizing the network latency given the constrained energy availability at the BSs is formulated. Unlike existing literature which have addressed this problem using user-association reconfiguration or BS on/off strategies, we address the problem by proposing an intelligent algorithm for allocating the harvested green energy over time, and green energy and delay aware downlink power control and user association. Using a real BS deployment scenario, we show the efficacy of our methodology and demonstrate its superior performance compared to existing benchmarks.
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    Delay Aware Resource Management for Grid Energy Savings in Green Cellular Base Stations With Hybrid Power Supplies
    (IEEE, 2017-03) Chamola, Vinay
    Base stations equipped with resources to harvest renewable energy are not only environment-friendly but can also reduce the grid energy consumed, thus bringing cost savings for the cellular network operators. Intelligent management of the harvested energy can further increase the cost savings. Such management of energy savings has to be carefully coupled with managing the quality of service so as to ensure customer satisfaction. In such a process, there is a trade-off between the energy drawn from grid and the quality of service. Unlike prior studies which mainly focus on network energy minimization, this paper proposes a framework for jointly managing the grid energy savings and the quality of service (in terms of the network latency), which is achieved by downlink power control and user association reconfiguration. We use a real BS deployment scenario from London, U.K., to show the performance of our proposed framework and compare it against existing benchmarks. We show that the proposed framework can lead to around 60% grid energy savings as well as better network latency performance than the traditionally used scheme
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    Solar powered cellular base stations: current scenario, issues and proposed solutions
    (IEEE, 2016-05) Chamola, Vinay
    The increasing deployment of cellular networks across the globe has brought two issues to the forefront: the energy cost of running these networks and the associated environmental impact. Also, most of the recent growth in cellular networks has been in developing countries, where the unavailability of reliable electricity grids forces operators to use sources like diesel generators for power, which not only increases operating costs but also contributes to pollution. Cellular base stations powered by renewable energy sources such as solar power have emerged as one of the promising solutions to these issues. This article presents an overview of the state-of- the-art in the design and deployment of solar powered cellular base stations. The article also discusses current challenges in the deployment and operation of such base stations and some of the proposed solutions.