BITS Faculty Publications

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    Optimal replenishment policy of technology items with imperfect quality using product life-cycle dynamics
    (Taylor & Francis, 2025-03) Chanda, Udayan
    The dynamicity of the technology market and varied consumer tastes make the technology product market highly unpredictable and complex. Besides, due to competition and fast breakthroughs in the technology market, it can be observed that in recent years, the product life cycle has shortened significantly. It created immense pressure on managers to develop inventory policies corresponding to actual market realities. Economics order quantity (EOQ) models are often used to develop inventory policies. However, due to the variable nature of the demand rate function of technology products, the traditional EOQ models may not be useful for developing replenishment policies for technology products. In addition to the consumer adoption process, inventory managers also face the challenge of imperfect quality products while strategizing business policies. Imperfect quality products can come from flawed transport and storage conditions, or they may come due to the faulty production process. Proper inspection or screening of the lot is important for removing the desired level of defective items before delivery to the customers. In this paper, we propose a new EOQ model for technology items with imperfect quality where the demand rate will follow life-cycle dynamics, and sales are treated as a function of product awareness, utility, and consumer affordability. To confirm the validity of the proposed framework, a numerical analysis is performed under different market conditions.
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    Identification and modelling of factors influencing service recovery
    (Inder Science, 2024-04) Sharma, Satyendra Kumar; Chanda, Udayan
    All supply chain around the world are established with an aim of reducing customer order cycle time, drive customer value and facilitate financial success. This also results in implementing effective service recovery strategies to achieve these goals. This paper identifies and analyses various factors which influences and contributes to service recovery process by exploring the existing literature on service recovery. Based on these factors, decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is illustrated to precisely measure causal relations between all factors and define the processes influencing these factors. The results of this study state that proactive recovery capability, communication from suppliers in form of early warnings, focus on service outcome failures and moment of truth are the key enabling factors for service recovery, while customer commitment level, original cost and placing inventory close to customers are the most direct influencing factors
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    Handbook of evidence based management practices in business
    (CRC Press, 2024) Sharma, Satyendra Kumar; Goyal, Praveen; Chanda, Udayan
    This book is a collection of selected high-quality research papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Evidence-Based Management (ICEBM) 2023, held at Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India, during February 24–25, 2023. It has 76 chapters written by various scholars focusing on evidence-based management practices in different functional areas of management with the application of theory and empirical techniques.
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    Green advertising: a hybrid literature review using citation and TCM analysis
    (Emerald, 2025-01) Goyal, Praveen; Chanda, Udayan
    Given the multifaceted nature of research in green advertising (GA), it is critical to holistically review the extant literature to understand their contributions. This study aims to perform a hybrid literature review by combining citation analysis and a theory-context-method (TCM) framework to map the conceptual development of GA in the past three decades.
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    Adoption and usage of the electronic national agriculture market: a literature review
    (CRC Press, 2023) Dutta, Nirankush; Chanda, Udayan
    Agricultural marketing is one of the lifelines for a sizeable population of India and it contributes 25 percent of the GDP. An effective agricultural marketing system can help farmers market their products at a fair and reasonable price. In recent years due to technological breakthroughs, the Indian agriculture sector is experiencing substantial shifts in irrigation strategies and the result is reflected in the surplus production of crops. Despite record production in crops the visible changes in farmers’ earnings are very negligible. The more profitable production of crops emphasizes the importance of agricultural marketing for the inclusive development of the agriculture and welfare of the farmers. “Thus the government and other organizations are trying to address the key challenges of agriculture in India, including small holdings of farmers, primary and secondary processing, supply chain, the infrastructure supporting the efficient use of resources and marketing, and reducing intermediaries in the market” (Sharma 2021). The National Agriculture Market (eNAM)- a pan-India electronic trading portal introduced in April 2016 to connect the Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC) mandis and to set up an integrated nationwide market for agricultural commodities. “It unites surplus production regions with deficit regions through an online platform, which may lead to better market competition, and thus better prices for farmers for their produce” (Venkatesh et al, 2021). This initiative was widely considered to be a game changer for farmers and the overall agricultural marketing sector of India. The present research paper reviews existing literature on the adoption of the e-NAM platform across different Indian states to highlight the status of adoption and acceptance by its various stakeholders
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    Market discipline and the risk-taking behaviour of banks in India
    (Wiley, 2023-07) Bhat, Anil Kumar; Chanda, Udayan
    After the financial crisis, the Indian banking system has accumulated a mountain of bad loans which has crippled the banking sector and halted the credit flow to the industry. Several immediate causes for the bad loan crisis have been pointed out. However, poor market discipline, the ultimate root cause of the bad loan crisis, has not been paid adequate attention. This study seeks to investigate how effectively the market disciplinary forces, captured through information disclosure, interbank deposits, concentration and owner- ship structure, incentivise the Indian banks to adopt prudential risk manage- ment by enhancing their risk-weighted capital ratio. The findings of the study show that information disclosure and interbank deposits do not induce prudential risk behaviour among banks in India. However, with increasing concentration in the banking sector, a higher level of information disclosure effectively induces banks to maintain higher capital ratios, but inter-bank deposits do not have any significant effect on bank capital. We also observe that government banks maintain lower capital ratios as compared to private banks indicating government banks' higher expectation of government bailout.
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    CTR Prediction: A Bibliometric Review of Scientific Literature
    (CRC Press, 2023) Sharma, Yashvardhan; Chanda, Udayan
    Internet giants like Google, Facebook, and Amazon have relied heavily on revenue from online advertising sales in recent years. The Click-through rate of an advertisement is the percentage of people who clicked it out of those who viewed it. The CTR as a metric represents the performance of their online advertisements. For over two decades now, researchers in academia and industry have paid great attention to getting good CTR prediction accuracy because of the demand it has generated in the digital world. This paper reviews the scholarly literature on CTR prediction during the previous decade by a bibliometric analysis of 1051 publications from journals indexed by Scopus. The goals of this research are to (1) conduct a structured quantitative analysis of the bibliometric data, (2) chart the development of CTR Prediction research, and (3) identify the most recent and relevant research literature and viewpoints in the field. A handful of studies have been conducted on this subject, and they have presented an in-depth analysis of specific methods and learning models being applied for CTR prediction. In addition to the previously submitted studies, this literature review aims to provide an overall bibliometric analysis showing the evolution of techniques employed for CTR prediction in the articles published over the last ten years, using a combination of bibliographic coupling, citation, and co-citation. The outcome of this literature evaluation will aid future researchers in gaining a deeper comprehension of the scientific studies around CTR prediction.
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    Marketing Metrics and Advertisement Campaign Budget: A VECM Approach
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023) Chanda, Udayan
    The use of internet advertising as a primary customer acquisition strategy is becoming increasingly common among businesses. Internet companies like Google, Facebook, and Amazon have become platforms for these online advertisements. Standard metrics like impressions, clicks, conversions, click-through rate (CTR), and cost per acquisition (CPA) are used by marketing managers to evaluate the efficiency of advertisements. Managers mainly utilize these indicators to allocate funds to their advertising campaigns, which are then used for bidding on other advertising opportunities. Online advertising is dynamic, and advertising campaigns are susceptible to multiple shocks in demand. Using the data collected from an advertising company that places search ads on e-commerce websites on behalf of consumerpackaged goods companies, we developed a multivariate time series model to investigate the effect of impulse shocks on a specific keyword and its performance. According to the model, we observe the impact of these sudden, impulsive shocks on impressions, clicks, and conversions that define the efficiency of an advertising campaign, a short-run equilibrium among these metrics, and the evolving nature of the keyword in paid search advertisements, and forecast the metrics using the vector error correction estimates. This model can aid managers in their campaign budget allocation decision-making to ensure they can withstand these fluctuations in demand while avoiding either overspending or underspending and longevity of the performance of a keyword
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    Click-Through Rate: An Overview of Scientific Research in Management
    (CRC Press, 2023) Sharma, Yashvardhan; Chanda, Udayan
    Since the introduction of online advertising, an increasing number of advertisers and firms are relying on this ad type to acquire consumers, making it an important revenue source for search engines and other internet giants like Google, Amazon, etc. Clicks are used as a metric in two ways: (i) for advertisers, it is used to measure the effectiveness of an advertisement, and (ii) for internet companies, it is used as a quality metric for their search engine or website. The click-through rate is the ratio of the number of impressions to the number of clicks of an advertisement. Managers are using this metric to allocate the budget for their advertisement campaigns based on their effectiveness. In the last decade, due to the growing industry demand, it has attracted scholars from industry and academia. This literature review article examines click-through rate evolution from an empirical standpoint using the bibliometric methods, reviewing 596 articles from the Scopus index. This review article (i) identifies the most influential articles, authors, and journals, serving as a baseline for future research, and (ii) charts the evolution of the topic over the last decade, assisting managers and future researchers in gaining a performance-based comprehensive view of click-through rate.
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    Inventory Modelling for technology generation products under uncertain trade credit terms and imprecise procurement costs
    (OSCM, 2022) Nagpal, Gaurav; Chanda, Udayan; Jasti, Naga Vamsi Krishna
    The inventory policies for any product under the trade credit mechanism are influenced by the procurement price per unit and the credit period offered by the seller to the buyer. This paper develops an inventory model for the technology generations under the imprecise trade credit period and the imprecise procurement cost. It considers the demand that is credit-linked and governed by innovation diffusion as well. The imprecise nature of the parameters is captured by the use of fuzzy numbers. The trapezoidal membership function has been used to fuzzify the profit function with the imprecise parameters, and then the centroid method is used to de-fuzzify the profit. The numerical illustrations have been performed, followed by the sensitivity analysis with the launch timing of the second generation product. A few important implications for the inventory practitioners and the possible extensions of this work have also been discussed