BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Chattopadhyay, Pradipta

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    Optimum conditions of zero-valent iron nanoparticle stabilized foam application for diesel-contaminated soil remediation involving three major soil types
    (Springer, 2021-08) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    Stability of foam, enhanced by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and its optimized constituents, may have significant potential for effective treatment of soil contaminated with diesel oil—a major environmental problem. The optimum diesel removal efficiency from distinct types of soil accomplished by the unique application of such foams as well as the optimum conditions of the foaming constituents have not been reported in literature so far. Hence, in this work, the removal of diesel contaminant from different soil types (desert, coastal, clay soil) is optimized, and the optimized results are reported for the first time, using response surface methodology (RSM), for alkylpolyglucoside phosphate (APG-Ph) foam, stabilized by nZVI. The effect of concentrations of APG-Ph (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 volume %) and nZVI (2, 3, and 3.5 mg/l) on diesel removal efficacy from soil is studied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum diesel removal efficiency obtained at a concentration of 0.1 volume % APG-Ph foam with 3.5 mg/l nZVI for desert, coastal, and clay soil is 94.6, 95.3, and 57.5%, respectively. The optimum concentrations of APG-Ph and nZVI are found to be 0.98 volume % and 0.8 mg/l, respectively. Validation of this optimal condition experimentally results in highest removal efficiency of 98.3, 97.2, and 75.9% for desert, coastal, and clay soil respectively. This is in good agreement with the predicted values by RSM (98.67, 97.57, and 76.85%). The maximum diesel removal efficiency predicted at optimal concentration of APG-Ph and nZVI is significantly larger than the results reported in literature in last three years.
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    Analyzing milk foam using machine learning for diverse applications
    (Springer, 2022-08) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    In the beverages industry, milk foaming is done to enhance the flavor, texture, and visual appeal of milk-based beverages. It is very crucial to study milk foam properties not just to create visually appealing and rich in taste beverages but also to estimate the adulterants present in it. Machine learning is being used in every field nowadays as it can analyze large datasets quickly and help in making data-driven decisions. This paper is a demonstration of how a futuristic apparatus will detect the best type of milk for beverages and identify milk adulteration using machine learning. In the current study, machine learning methods are employed to assess milk foam properties. This study aims to choose the best type of milk for foam-based milk beverages preparations and detect surfactants often used in low concentrations for foaming but act as adulterants at high concentrations. Surfactants alter the foaming properties of milk in different ways depending on their charge and are therefore used in the dairy industry. By using machine learning techniques, the impact of three different surfactants, having distinct ionic properties, on three distinct types of milk have been analyzed. It was found that foaming properties of milk were highly correlated to each other. “Random forest classifier” turned out to be the most effective among all the machine learning models in both the tasks. Heating and addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) improved foaming. The findings of this study can be used for deriving valuable insights about the dairy industry
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    Remediation of Diesel-contaminated soil using zero-valent nano-nickel and zero-valent nano copper particles-stabilized Tween 80 surfactant foam
    (Elsevier, 2023-02) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    This paper uniquely reports the remediation of diesel-contaminated desert soil by aqueous Tween 80 (TW80) surfactant foams stabilized by zero–valent nickel (Ni0) and zero–valent copper (Cu0) nanoparticles (NPs). The sizes of synthesized nanoparticles, ∼21 nm (Cu0), ∼20 nm (Ni0), are determined by XRD and FE-SEM. The impact of these NPs (1 mg, 2 mg concentrations) on foaming characteristics, remediation of diesel-contaminated soils is explored at 2 vol% TW80 surfactant concentration. With 2 mg concentration of Ni0, Cu0 NPs and 2 vol% TW80 surfactant, it is found that 98.73 and 99.38 % diesel contaminants are removed.
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    Effects of N-alkanol adsorption on bubble acceleration and local velocities in solutions of the homologous series from ethanol to N-decanol
    (MDPI, 2023-03) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    The influence of n-alkanol (C2–C10) water solutions on bubble motion was studied in a wide range of concentrations. Initial bubble acceleration, as well as local, maximal and terminal velocities during motion were studied as a function of motion time. Generally, two types of velocity profiles were observed. For low surface-active alkanols (C2–C4), bubble acceleration and terminal velocities diminished with the increase in solution concentration and adsorption coverage. No maximum velocities were distinguished. The situation is much more complicated for higher surface-active alkanols (C5–C10). In low and medium solution concentrations, bubbles detached from the capillary with acceleration comparable to gravitational acceleration, and profiles of the local velocities showed maxima. The terminal velocity of bubbles decreased with increasing adsorption coverage. The heights and widths of the maximum diminished with increasing solution concentration. Much lower initial acceleration values and no maxima presence were observed in the case of the highest n-alkanol concentrations (C5–C10). Nevertheless, in these solutions, the observed terminal velocities were significantly higher than in the case of bubbles moving in solutions of lower concentration (C2–C4). The observed differences were explained by different states of the adsorption layer in the studied solutions, leading to varying degrees of immobilization of the bubble interface, which generates other hydrodynamic conditions of bubble motion.
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    Impact of protein nanoparticles on beer foam
    (Springer, 2023-06) Roy, Banasri; Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    Beer foam adds a visual aesthetic to the beer- a good beer foam layer presents the beer as fresh and tasty and attracts customers. Beer foam also helps in maintaining the flavor of the beer by acting as an airtight blanket preventing the escape of CO2 from the beer. Thus, stable, long-lasting beer foam is preferred in the final product irrespective of consumer preferences. Beer foam stability is impacted by the proteins and protein nanoparticles. This work encompasses the effects that proteins and protein nanoparticles have on foaming in beer. Studies regarding the impact of protein nanoparticles on the quality of beer foam are also discussed.
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    Remediation of Waste Engine Oil Contaminated Soil using Rhamnolipid based Detergent Formulation
    (Elsevier, 2023) Jain, Amit; Gupta, Suresh; Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    The utilization of waste substrates for rhamnolipid synthesis is a worthy alternative to conventional substrates to reduce the production cost of rhamnolipids. Rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa gi |KP 163922| using waste engine oil as substrate was investigated in batch and semi-batch studies for soil bioremediation. Green liquid detergent formulations were prepared by using environment-friendly builder (sodium citrate) and filler (isopropyl alcohol). Rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant was utilized in place of chemical surfactant to prepare the liquid detergent formulation. The formulations at different rhamnolipid concentrations i.e., below critical micelle concentration (CMC), at CMC, and above CMC, were tested for soil remediation efficiency. Each detergent formulation was characterized based on emulsification index (EI24%), surface tension reduction, foam ability, and foam stability. The in-house rhamnolipid based formulations above CMC, recovered oil up to 82.02 ± 0.938 % from contaminated soil with maximum surface tension reduction and foam volume as 26.5 ± 0.412 mN/m and 51.10 ± 1.37 mL respectively. The proposed remediation strategy demonstrated that the recovery of oil is possible at room temperature conditions. The performance properties including detergency and foaming of rhamnolipid based liquid detergent formulations were also compared with commercial rhamnolipid and other detergents.
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    Assessment of bimetallic Zn/Fe0 nanoparticles stabilized Tween-80 and rhamnolipid foams for the remediation of diesel contaminated clay soil
    (Elsevier, 2023-01) Roy, Banasri; Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    Diesel contamination of soil due to oil spills, disposal of refinery waste, oil exploration constitutes a major environmental problem. This paper reports the remediation of diesel contaminated clay soil using Zn/Fe0 bimetallic nanoparticle stabilized Rhamnolipid (RMLP) and Tween-80 (TW-80) surfactant foams. Fe0, and Zn (x wt%)/Fe0 (x = 0.2, 2.0, and 10.0) bimetallic nanoparticles are synthesized by using sodium borohydride reduction method. The average particle size (from FESEM) is calculated to be 62, 57, 42 and 35 nm for the Fe0, Zn (0.2)/Fe0, Zn (2)/Fe0 and Zn (10)/Fe0 nanopowders, respectively. The highest foamability and foam stability of 109.6 and 108.5 mL, respectively are observed for the RMLP (12 mg/l) surfactant foam stabilized with 6 mg/l Zn (10)/Fe0 nanoparticles. The surface tension values reduce to the lowest value of 28.1 and 31.4 mN/m with the addition of 6 mg/l of Zn (10)/Fe0 powder in RMLP and TW-80 solutions of 12 mg/l, respectively. The maximum diesel removal efficiency of 83.8 and 59%, is achieved by RMLP (12 mg/l) foam stabilized by Zn (10)/Fe0 nanoparticles (6 mg/l) for the clay soil contaminated with 100 and 500 μl/g of diesel, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles are studied to explain the foam properties and the remediation behavior. These findings regarding the nanoparticle stabilized foams can offer a cost-effective environment friendly commercial solution for soil remediation in the future.
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    Foam Over’ Temperatures Using Glass Coker Experimentation: A Case Study
    (IUP, 2011-09) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    In petroleum refineries, excessive foaming in process equipments leads to inefficiency and higher maintenance cost. A very relevant aspect of current petroleum refinery operations is the heating up of vacuum resid in a coke drum and the subsequent generation of unwanted foam. This research paper describes the foam produced by heating vacuum resid in a glass coker experimental set up in terms of foam over temperature. The vacuum resids for analysis were obtained from major US oil companies like Chevron, Shell, Petrobras, etc. Run data are provided that illustrate the variation of foam over temperature for different vacuum resids and at what time the foam over phenomenon started during the glass coker run. Also the production of white vapors (an intermediate stage for foam generation), in terms of the first incidence of white vapor temperature have been reported. The experimental results clearly lead to the fact that foaming during a glass coker run is dependent on the resid (feedstock) properties and run operating conditions.
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    Experimental Determination of Foaming Characteristics of Aqueous Iso-Propanol Solution by Addition of Surfactants
    (WRA, 2011) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    Foams are colloidal systems in which a gas phase is dispersed throughout a continuous liquid phase. The development and stability of aqueous foams have long been of great practical interest because of their widespread occurrence in everyday life. Which parameters influence and govern the aqueous foam development and lead to stable foam formation are critical for soap and detergent manufacturing industries. In the series of experiments conducted, aqueous isopropanol was used as the chief solution where the foaming would be observed. The detergents Surf Excel Blue and Tide were used as surfactants for the foam production. As a result of the tests performed, Foaminess or foam producing capability and foam persistence time were obtained. The results show a distinct correlation between foaming characteristics and concentrations of aqueous isopropanol and surfactants used.
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    Optimum Ethanol-Hexanol Foams for Formulation of Detergents
    (IJCS, 2015) Chattopadhyay, Pradipta
    The accurate and speedy characterization of aqueous foams generated by the use of surfactants are critical for the formulation of soaps and detergents. This paper describes details of experimental studies directed towards measurement of foaming properties of mixture of ethanol, hexanol and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The experimental results are of great relevance with respect to the formulation of detergents, which can be generated by use of alcohol-surfactant mixtures. The foams were generated by the injection of air at a constant flow rate of 5 mL/sec into aqueous mixtures of ethanol, hexanol with sodium lauryl sulfate. The foams were then characterized using a Dynamic Foam Analyzer (Kruss GmbH, Germany). The foamability, stability parameters like foam capacity, RMI 30, were determined and their variation with changes in ethanol, hexanol and SLS amounts added to solution were noted. Model equations for foam capacity and RMI 30 were developed by using the Central Composite Experimental Design (CCD) approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), statistically analyzed and validated. The responses obtained in the study were foam capacity (FC) and RMI 30 in mL. Numerical optimization for two different strategies for the responses, were subsequently performed by using Design-Expert Software version 9.0.4.1. The optimum responses FC and RMI 30 were found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.