BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Gupta, SureshSubject: search.filters.subject.Wastewater

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    Sustainable synergistic approach to chemolithotrophs—supported bioremediation of wastewater and flue gas
    (Springer Nature, 2024-07) Raghuvanshi, Smita; Gupta, Suresh
    Flue gas emissions are the waste gases produced during the combustion of fuel in industrial processes, which are released into the atmosphere. These identical processes also produce a significant amount of wastewater that is released into the environment. The current investigation aims to assess the viability of simultaneously mitigating flue gas emissions and remediating wastewater in a bubble column bioreactor utilizing bacterial consortia. A comparative study was done on different growth media prepared using wastewater. The highest biomass yield of 3.66 g L−1 was achieved with the highest removal efficiencies of 89.80, 77.30, and 80.77% for CO2, SO2, and NO, respectively. The study investigated pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical and chemical oxygen demand to assess their influence on the process. The nutrient balance validated the ability of bacteria to utilize compounds in flue gas and wastewater for biomass production. The Fourier Transform–Infrared Spectrometry (FT–IR) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses detected commercial-use long-chain hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters in the biomass samples. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics detected the potential mechanism pathways followed by the bacteria for mitigation. The techno-economic assessment determined a feasible total capital investment of 245.74$ to operate the reactor for 288 h. The bioreactor’s practicability was determined by mass transfer and thermodynamics assessment. Therefore, this study introduces a novel approach that utilizes bacteria and a bioreactor to mitigate flue gas and remediate wastewater.
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    Nano-adsorbents for wastewater treatment: A review
    (WRA, 2011-06) Gupta, Suresh
    The concern over increasing awareness for development of systems to improve water quality for effluents from wastewater treatment and industrial facilities has provided incentives to develop new - technologies and improve performance of existing technologies. Various methods exist for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions, but adsorption is by far the most versatile and widely used process. In recent years, a great deal of at tent ions hai been focused onto the application of nunostructured materials as adsorbents or catalysts to remove toxic and harmful substances from wastewater and air. This study mainly focused on those nano-adsorbents which are used for wastewater treatment. The nano-adsorbents which were studied are classified into two classes namely carbon derived (inform of tubes, wires and particles) and non carbon derived (metals, metal oxides, etc.) nano-adsorbents. A detailed study on each nano-adsorbent is done through studying their synthesis, characterization, adsorption characteristics and their uses and application in the real world. The synthesis of nano-adsorbents was studied using different methods such as arc discharge method, laser ablation and chemical vapour deposition. The characterization of nano-adsorbents was carried out using Raman spectroscopy. The experimental characteristics of adsorption at different pH, temperature are studied and their results are discussed. The applications of nanomaterials may yield benefits to the environment through the development of new technologies and the widespread uses of nanomaterials will also likely result in their introduction to our environment. It is therefore critical that the researchers in the area of nanotechnology should address important aspects related to the development of nano-materials. The present study also deals with the future developments of nano-materials and challenges in this field of environmental engineering.
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    Synthesis and use of alumina nanoparticles as an adsorbent for the removal of Zn(II) and CBG dye from wastewater
    (Springer, 2014-12-18) Gupta, Suresh; Maheshwari, Utkarsh
    In the present study, an alumina nanoparticle adsorbent is developed using solution combustion synthesis method and is further utilized for the removal of zinc (Zn(II)) and color black G (CBG) from wastewater. The developed adsorbent is characterized using SEM–EDS technique. The effect of various parameters such as the initial concentration, the contact time, the mass of adsorbent and the solution pH are studied for the removal of Zn(II) and CBG. The equilibrium time for both, Zn(II) and CBG is obtained to be approximately 4.5 h. The maximum adsorption of Zn(II) is found at pH value of 7 while the maximum removal of CBG is obtained at pH value of 2. The Langmuir isotherm model is found suitable for explaining the adsorption behavior of Zn(II) (R 2 = 0.976) and CBG (R 2 = 0.974) onto alumina nanoparticles, which supports the monolayer formation of Zn(II) and CBG during the adsorption process. The maximum adsorbent capacity of alumina nanoparticles for the removal of Zn(II) and CBG are obtained as 1,047.83 and 263.16 mg g−1, respectively. The kinetic data obtained during the experiments are better fitted with the pseudo-first-order model for both, Zn(II) (R 2 = 0.989) and CBG (R 2 = 0.971). A statistical analysis is also carried out to develop the mathematical equation which relates the different independent parameters (initial metal concentration, pH, time and mass of adsorbent) with the dependent parameter (adsorption capacity). The optimum values of independent parameters are estimated using Microsoft Solver.
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    Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater Using a Natural Nanoporous Adsorbent: Experimental, Kinetic and Optimization Studies
    (Sage, 2015-01-01) Gupta, Suresh; Maheshwari, Utkarsh
    In the present work, a nanoporous adsorbent prepared from low-cost neem bark is used for the removal of chromium (VI) ions from wastewater. The adsorbent is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, BET surface area, infrared analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of various parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration and contact time for the removal of chromium (VI) ions has been studied. The data obtained have been tested with various isotherm and kinetic models. Langmuir model is found to be the best suited isotherm model giving maximum adsorption capacity as 26.95 mg g−1 for the removal of chromium (VI) ions. Effluent from a plating industry was also used to evaluate the performance of the developed adsorbent. Weber and Morris and Boyd models show that both intra-particle and film diffusion are the controlling mechanism for adsorption of chromium (VI) ions on the developed adsorbent. The mathematical model is developed to optimize the adsorption capacity (q) in terms of the influencing parameters with the help of differential evolution (DE) technique.