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Author: search.filters.author.Jindal, Anil B.Subject: search.filters.subject.Teriflunomide

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    Quantitative UV spectrophotometric analysis of teriflunomide and quercetin in dual drug-loaded transferosomes using the absorption factor method
    (Springer, 2025-05) Jindal, Anil B.; Paul, Atish Tulshiram
    The current research focused on establishing a method for concurrently measuring teriflunomide (TFD) and querectin (QCN) accurately, precisely, and with simplicity. This method aims to be suitable for routine analysis purposes. The goal is to effectively utilize this combination effectively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a topical delivery approach. To date, there have been no reported UV-based methods for simultaneous estimation of TFD and QCN. The quantification was performed using the absorption factor method for multicomponent analysis. The developed method underwent validation in accordance with the guidelines set by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The validated method demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 2.0 to 12.0 μg/mL for both substances, exhibiting a regression coefficient of > 0.990. The developed method validated for accuracy and precision, demonstrating a recovery rate within the range and precision with an RSD of less than 2 % for both inter and intra-day measurements. Moreover, the developed method was effectively utilized for quantification in the prepared transferosomes using absorption factor method. The greenness of the proposed methods was assessed, showing their minimal environmental impact and low level of toxicity to the environment.
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    Evaluation of synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of selected natural products in combination with teriflunomide in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells for rheumatoid arthritis treatment
    (Elsevier, 2025-09) Jindal, Anil B.
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated disorder that involves joints and synovial membrane, and requires combination therapy for effective management. Teriflunomide (TFD) belongs to Synthetic Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), prescribed either alone or in combination therapy. The combination of clinical drugs with natural products offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce the dose and thus ameliorate side effects. This study aims to evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory efficacy of TFD with selected natural products such as Andrographolide (ANG), Quercetin (QCN), Resveratrol (RES), Rutin (RUT) and Tanshinone IIA (TAN) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The initial screening was performed using nitric oxide (NO) assay to determine the IC50, with prior determination of the safest concentration range using the MTT assay. The study utilized a constant ratio design to assess synergy, employing the NO assay and calculating the combination index (CI), isobologram analysis, and dose reduction index (DRI). Among the tested combinations, QCN, RES, and TAN with TFD displayed low CI values and were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines using ELISA. Notably, the combination of QCN and TFD showed significant synergistic activity with CI values of 0.470 and 0.607 (at Fa = 0.5) against TNF-α and IL-6, respectively. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement with this combination revealed even greater synergistic activity, suggesting a promising approach for RA treatment.
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    Quality by design-based optimization of teriflunomide and quercetin combinational topical transferosomes for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
    (Elsevier, 2024-12) Jindal, Anil B.; Paul, Atish Tulshiram
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Combination therapy is anticipated to surpass monotherapy by targeting multiple pathways involved in RA progression. The present aim is to develop a combination of Teriflunomide (TFD) and Quercetin (QCN) loaded transferosomal gel to enhance permeability and achieve localized delivery to joint tissues. TFD or QCN transferosomes were optimized employing a 3-level, 3-factorial design Box-Behnken design (BBD). The transferosomes exhibited sustained in-vitro drug release. The topical combination gel underwent thorough evaluation of rheology, and also ex-vivo studies showed enhanced permeability through rat skin. The synergistic combination of TFD and QCN effectively suppressed NO, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in in-vitro RAW 264.7 cells. The cytotoxicity in HaCaT cell lines indicates non-toxicity of the gel, further confirmed by skin irritation study conducted in rats. The in-vivo anti-arthritic activity was evaluated in complete freund’s adjuvant induced rat paw edema model illustrates the effectiveness of the combination transferosomal gel compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, the topical delivery of TFD and QCN combination transferosomal gel demonstrated anti-arthritic activity through localized delivery whichallows for dose reduction, thereby may reduce the systemic drug exposure and mitigate the side effects associated with oral administration of TFD
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    Implementing analytical quality by design in reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous estimation of teriflunomide and quercetin: Applicability in dual drug loaded topical microemulsion
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024-03) Jindal, Anil B.; Paul, Atish Tulshiram
    The current study reports the development of a novel, robust, and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of teriflunomide (TFD) and quercetin (QCN) in dual drug-loaded microemulsion. TFD and QCN have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by targeting various inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analytical method employs a risk-based approach and follows the principles of analytical quality by design (AQbD). The study involved preliminary screening trials and systematic risk analysis to identify critical method attributes, that significantly impact the critical quality attributes (CQAs). For the optimization of method,a face centered central composite design was utilized, and 16 experimental runs were performed using design expert software version 7.0.0. Chromatographic conditions were carefully optimized using AQbD, falling within the design space and consisting of ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (60:40, % v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. An analytical Hibar Lichospher 100 RP-18e column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was employed, with detection wavelength of 280 nm and 367 nm for TFD and QCN, respectively. The optimized method underwent validation according to ICH guidelines and demonstrating applicability for evaluating topical microemulsion.