BITS Faculty Publications
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Item Curcumin! Spicy panacea for all—Friend or foe(Elsiever, 2009-12-11) Marathe, SandhyaTurmeric, an “Indian gold” from Curcuma longa is a household spice in India. The essential component of the turmeric is curcumin and curcuminoids. This spice has managed to leave the household spice bottles and found its place in reputed herbal and medical outlets in beautifully packed bottles. Various pharmaceutical companies have invested in marketing curcumin as compressed tablets, capsules and powder. Various scientific research and clinical trials suggested its use in disorders ranging from Alzheimer's to cancer [1], [2]. Curcumin became panacea for all diseases. Experimental studies using various cell lines and animal models suggested the role of curcumin in possessing anti-inflammatory [3], anti-bacterial [4] and anti-cancer [5] activities. Curcumin have also been shown to lower the cholesterol by increasing the LDL-R [6]. One human clinical trial in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infected patients suggested its role in bringing down the dyspepsia caused by H. pylori. However, curcumin did not clear or decrease the H. pylori burden [7]. The way curcumin signals and modulate the immune functions of various cell types gives an impetus to think that “Can curcumin be given blindly as therapy”? The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROI and RNI) have been always targeted as “evil molecules”, forgetting that the same phagocyte oxidants, in fact are the first line of defense against plethora of intracellular pathogens.Item Curcumin Increases the Pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Murine Model(Plos One, 2010-07-09) Marathe, SandhyaCurcumin has gained immense importance for its vast therapeutic and prophylactic applications. Contrary to this, our study reveals that it regulates the defense pathways of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to enhance its pathogenicity. In a murine model of typhoid fever, we observed higher bacterial load in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen and liver, when infected with curcumin-treated Salmonella. Curcumin increased the resistance of S. Typhimurium against antimicrobial agents like antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This increased tolerance might be attributed to the up-regulation of genes involved in resistance against antimicrobial peptides - pmrD and pmrHFIJKLM and genes with antioxidant function - mntH, sodA and sitA. We implicate that iron chelation property of curcumin have a role in regulating mntH and sitA. Interestingly, we see that the curcumin-mediated modulation of pmr genes is through the PhoPQ regulatory system. Curcumin downregulates SPI1 genes, required for entry into epithelial cells and upregulates SPI2 genes required to intracellular survival. Since it is known that the SPI1 and SPI2 system can be regulated by the PhoPQ system, this common regulator could explain curcumin's mode of action. This data urges us to rethink the indiscriminate use of curcumin especially during Salmonella outbreaks.Item Multifaceted roles of curcumin: two sides of a coin!(Taylor & Francis, 2011-09-27) Marathe, SandhyaCurcumin has been a front-line topic of mainstream scientific research for a variety of diseases from cancer to Alzheimer's to infectious diseases. Curcumin suppresses the type 1 immune response, which might lead to alleviation of type 1 immune response disorders. However, the inhibition of type 1 immune response might invite infections with opportunistic pathogens. Considering its low bioavailability, several curcumin derivatives have been designed to improve its functionality.Item Herbal Cocktail as Anti-infective: Promising Therapeutic for the Treatment of Viral Diseases(Bentham Science, 2012) Marathe, SandhyaHerbal products have gained considerable interest among the pharmaceutical companies and consumers due to the minimal side effects associated with them. The bioflavanoids present in these products are the key players in modulating their effects. Several therapeutic effects have been attributed to the bioflavanoids present in green tea and turmeric. Antimicrobial activity is one among the spectrum of activities they exhibit. Curcumin and catechins, the principle components of turmeric and green tea respectively have virucidal and virustatic actions. An antimicrobial composition consisting of extracts from green tea and turmeric have shown to be highly potent against various microbes, especially viruses. In the present review, we have discussed the patents and the antiviral effects of curcumin and catechins. The antimalarial effect of curcumin has also been discussed.Item Curcumin reduces the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Typhi(OUP, 2012-10-15) Marathe, SandhyaTyphoidal and non-typhoidal infection by Salmonella is a serious threat to human health. Ciprofloxacin is the last drug of choice to clear the infection. Ciprofloxacin, a gyrase inhibitor, kills bacteria by inducing chromosome fragmentation, SOS response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bacterial cell. Curcumin, an active ingredient from turmeric, is a major dietary molecule among Asians and possesses medicinal properties. Our research aimed at investigating whether curcumin modulates the action of ciprofloxacin.