BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Pandey, Murali Monohar

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    Characterization and evaluation of varieties of microcrystalline cellulose in formulations containing lactose incompatible drugs: Influence on compactibility and drug release
    (Elsevier, 2025-09) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    The research study provides an insight into different manufacturers' microcrystalline celluloses (MCC) thorough characterization, comprising determination of morphology, PSD, percentage crystallinity, surface area, true density, crushing strength, and compaction behavior. The study indicated good compaction, crushing strength for Ceolus KG 1000 and Emocel 50 M. Different varieties of MCC exhibited consistent mean yield pressure and crushing strength irrespective of their percentage crystallinity, degree of polymerization, and moisture content. The impact of these MCC characteristics was evaluated in formulations containing high and low-dose lactose incompatible drugs. Ceolus KG 1000 showed better compressibility, crushing strength and devoid of capping when used in acyclovir (high-dose) formulation. However, drug release of amlodipine (low-dose) formulation was significantly reduced when >80 % w/w Ceolus KG 1000 used. Amlodipine formulation with Emocel 50 M showed faster drug release. On statistical evaluation, surface area and true density were found to be significant factors for mean yield pressure and crushing strength of acyclovir formulations. PSD, true density, and bulk density were found to be significant factors affecting release of amlodipine formulations. Study showed that characteristics of Ceolus KG 1000 and Emocel 50 M are favorable for acyclovir and amlodipine formulation, respectively. Lastly, study suggests that vendor change of MCC might be unfavorable if not evaluated properly for both formulations containing high and low-dose actives.
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    Management and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders: can antioxidant-rich dietary interventions help?
    (MDPI, 2025-09) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the senescence of functional neurons, which hampers brain functions. These diseases are caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, cholinesterase malfunction, neuronal inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The incidence of neurodegenerative disease has been on the rise. Current therapeutic interventions are expensive, exhibit poor efficacy, and have numerous side effects. Several studies have explored the potential of crucial dietary substances rich in antioxidants and micronutrients in alleviating the clinical manifestations of such deadly diseases. Consumption of sufficient antioxidants, fatty acids, and polyphenols in regular diets delays the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Several medicinal plants, such as Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, aloe vera, Punica granatum, and various phytoextracts, contain such micronutrients in reasonable amounts. Specific dietary interventions, supplements, and patterns such as the Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay, ketogenic, paleolithic, and Wahls elimination diets have been beneficial in neurodegenerative conditions. These diet interventions and other functional foods can be an attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive approach in the management and prevention of neurodegenerative conditions. This review discusses potential pharmacological bases involved in neurodegeneration, covering mitochondrial damage, impaired mitophagy, neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, glymphatic clearance dysfunction, brain–body interactions, and disruption of vagus nerve stimulation. The review further highlights clinical diet interventions and assorted functional foods, including fruits, vegetables, vitamins, specific supplements, and special diets, for neurodegenerative conditions. The discussion extends insights into clinical research and trials of these functional foods under neurodegenerative conditions. Overall, dietary interventions show promise in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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    Nanoparticle-based materials for wound management
    (Elsevier, 2024) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Nanotechnology is an approach where nanoscale materials are biomedically used for the prevention of various diseases and infections. Their smaller size and larger surface area make them appropriate for various applications. Nanomaterials have immense potential for being used intrinsically or as nanocarriers to accelerate the process of wound healing and prevent any further bacterial contamination. In recent decades, research on nano-based therapies has reduced the incidence of acute and chronic infections which may lead to life-threatening situations if left untreated. Nanomaterials exist in various forms and structures such as nanospheres, nanocolloids, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, and nanocarriers, which can be fabricated using different technologies such as electrospinning and further could be potentially used as antimicrobial agents. In this chapter, we have demonstrated the advantages of using nanoparticles combined with traditional methodologies. Besides, we have elucidated the innovative strategies which use nanomaterials as either organic or inorganic nanoparticles. Further in-depth analytical reviews and future clinical experiments are necessarily required because existing wound healing therapies are not sufficient to provide excellent outcomes.
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    In situ bioprinting: process, bioinks, and applications
    (ACS, 2024-04) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Traditional tissue engineering methods face challenges, such as fabrication, implantation of irregularly shaped scaffolds, and limited accessibility for immediate healthcare providers. In situ bioprinting, an alternate strategy, involves direct deposition of biomaterials, cells, and bioactive factors at the site, facilitating on-site fabrication of intricate tissue, which can offer a patient-specific personalized approach and align with the principles of precision medicine. It can be applied using a handled device and robotic arms to various tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, muscle, and composite tissues. Bioinks, the critical components of bioprinting that support cell viability and tissue development, play a crucial role in the success of in situ bioprinting. This review discusses in situ bioprinting techniques, the materials used for bioinks, and their critical properties for successful applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future trends in accelerating in situ printing to translate this technology in a clinical settings for personalized regenerative medicine.
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    Oxidized ionic polysaccharide hydrogels: review on derived scaffolds characteristics and tissue engineering applications
    (Elsevier, 2024-11) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Polysaccharide-based hydrogels have gained prominence due to their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and structural adaptability for constructing tissue engineering scaffolds. Polysaccharide crosslinking is necessary for hydrogel stability in vivo. The periodate oxidation enables the modification of native polysaccharide characteristics for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. It produces dialdehydes, which are used to crosslink biocompatible amine-containing macromolecules such as chitosan, gelatin, adipic acid dihydrazide, silk fibroin, and peptides via imine/hydrazone linkages. Crosslinked oxidized ionic polysaccharide hydrogels have been studied for wound healing, cardiac and liver tissue engineering, bone, cartilage, corneal tissue regeneration, abdominal wall repair, nucleus pulposus regeneration, and osteoarthritis. Several modified hydrogel systems have been synthesized using antibiotics and inorganic substances to improve porosity, mechanical and viscoelastic properties, desired swelling propensity, and antibacterial efficacy. Thus, the injectable hydrogels provide a host-tissue-mimetic environment with high cell adhesion and viability, making them appropriate for scarless wound healing and tissue engineering applications. This review describes the oxidation procedure for alginate, hyaluronic acid, gellan gum, pectin, xanthan gum and chitosan, as well as the characteristics of the resulting materials. Furthermore, a critical review of scientific advances in wound healing and tissue engineering applications has been provided.
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    Targeting the epigenome with advanced delivery strategies for epigenetic modulators
    (AIChE, 2024-08) Chitkara, Deepak; Pandey, Murali Monohar; Mittal, Anupama
    Epigenetics mechanisms play a significant role in human diseases by altering DNA methylation status, chromatin structure, and/or modifying histone proteins. By modulating the epigenetic status, the expression of genes can be regulated without any change in the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic drugs exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy against several epigenetically originated diseases including several cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and so forth. Currently, a considerable amount of research is focused on discovering new drug molecules to combat the existing research gap in epigenetic drug therapy. A novel and efficient delivery system can be established as a promising approach to overcome the drawbacks associated with the current epigenetic modulators. Therefore, formulating the existing epigenetic drugs with distinct encapsulation strategies in nanocarriers, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogels, bio-engineered nanocarriers, liposomes, surface modified nanoparticles, and polymer–drug conjugates have been examined for therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, several epigenetic modulators are untouched for their therapeutic potential through different delivery strategies. This review provides a comprehensive up to date discussion on the research findings of various epigenetics mechanism, epigenetic modulators, and delivery strategies utilized to improve their therapeutic outcome. Furthermore, this review also highlights the recently emerged CRISPR tool for epigenome editing.
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    Interaction of calcium sulfate with xanthan gum: Effect on in vitro bioadhesion and drug release behavior from xanthan gum based buccal discs of buspirone
    (Elsevier, 2013-11) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Bioadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery systems play an important role in delivery of therapeutic drug molecules for local and systemic action. Xanthan gum, a GRAS listed natural polymer was used to design buccal discs of buspirone hydrochloride by direct compression method. Effect of calcium sulfate on bioadhesive and drug release behavior of xanthan gum buccal discs was studied. Varying amount of calcium sulfate (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%, w/w) in combination with xanthan gum was used to prepare buccal bioadhesive discs. Increase in calcium sulfate concentration resulted in faster drug release and decreased the bioadhesive strength of the designed discs. Further, in rheological evaluation it was observed that viscosity of xanthan gum gel reduces with increasing concentration of calcium sulfate. Compatibility of drug with various excipients was assessed using DSC and FTIR techniques.
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    Determination of pKa of felodipine using UV–Visible spectroscopy
    (Elsevier, 2013-11) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    In the present study, for the first time, experimental pKa value of felodipine is reported. Dissociation constant, pKa, is one of the very important physicochemical properties of drugs. It is of paramount significance from the perspective of pharmaceutical analysis and dosage form design. The method used for the pKa determination of felodipine was essentially a UV–Visible spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric method for the pKa determination was opted by acknowledging the established fact that spectrophotometric determination of pKa produces most precise values. The pKa of felodipine was found to be 5.07. Furthermore, the ruggedness of the determined value is also validated in this study in order to produce exact pKa of the felodipine
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    Effect of HPMC and mannitol on drug release and bioadhesion behavior of buccal discs of buspirone hydrochloride: In-vitro and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies
    (Merck KGaA, 2015) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    Delivery of orally compromised therapeutic drug molecules to the systemic circulation via buccal route has gained a significant interest in recent past. Bioadhesive polymers play a major role in designing such buccal dosage forms, as they help in adhesion of designed delivery system to mucosal membrane and also prolong release of drug from delivery system. In the present study, HPMC (release retarding polymer) and mannitol (diluent and pore former) were used to prepare bioadhesive and controlled release buccal discs of buspirone hydrochloride (BS) by direct compression method. Compatibility of BS with various excipients used during the study was assessed using DSC and FTIR techniques. Effect of mannitol and HPMC on drug release and bioadhesive strength was studied using a 3(2) factorial design. The drug release rate from delivery system decreased with increasing levels of HPMC in formulations. However, bioadhesive strength of formulations increased with increasing proportion of HPMC in buccal discs. Increased levels of mannitol resulted in faster rate of drug release and rapid in vitro uptake of water due to the formation of channels in the matrix. Pharmacokinetic studies of designed bioadhesive buccal discs in rabbits demonstrated a 10-fold increase in bioavailability in comparison with oral bioavailability of buspirone reported.
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    Controlled release effervescent buccal discs of buspirone hydrochloride: in vitro and in vivo evaluation studies
    (Taylor & Francis, 2014-06) Pandey, Murali Monohar
    In the present study controlled release effervescent buccal discs of buspirone hydrochloride (BS) were designed using HPMC as rate controlling and bioadhesive polymer by direct compression method. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used in varying amounts as effervescence forming agents. Carbon dioxide evolved due to reaction of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was explored for its potential as buccal permeation enhancer. The designed buccal discs were evaluated for physical characteristics and in vitro drug release studies. Bioadhesive behavior of designed buccal discs was assessed using texture analyzer. In vivo animal studies were performed in rabbits to study bioavailability of BS in the designed buccal discs and to establish permeation enhancement ability of carbon dioxide. It was observed that effervescent buccal discs have faster drug release compared to non-effervescent buccal discs in vitro and effervescent buccal discs demonstrated significant increase in bioavailability of drug when compared to non-effervescent formulation. Hence, effervescent buccal discs can be used as an alternative to improve the drug permeation resulting in better bioavailability. However, the amount of acid and base used for generation of carbon dioxide should be selected with care as this may damage the integrity of bioadhesive dosage form.