BITS Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Rathore, Jitendra S.

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    Prediction and optimization of microhardness and corrosion behaviour of CuNi-Gr composite coatings
    (University of Politennica, 2024) Belgamwar, Sachin U.; Rathore, Jitendra S.
    Graphene nanoplatelets (Gr) as fillers for alloy composite coatings has increased due to their remarkable high aspect ratio and distinctive plate-like structure. Piping, condensers and heat exchangers in seawater systems, desalination plants, marine hardware and boat hulls are expected to exhibit high wear and corrosion resistance. For this purpose, CuNi-Gr composite coatings have been fabricated using electrodeposition technique and investigated their microhardness and anti-corrosion properties. During the electrodeposition of coatings, the various process variables such as pH, current density, Gr concentration and amount of nickel sulfate have been taken into account. To achieve the full potential of CuNi-Gr composite coating in engineering applications, this study optimizes the performance of the CuNi-Gr composite coating using an orthogonal array design of a Taguchi technique. By Taguchi and regression analysis, it was found that the Gr concentration in the electrolyte is the most influencing parameter of the process for microhardness and polarization resistance of the CuNi-Gr composite coatings. It has been observed that the microhardness and polarization resistance of the composite coatings increase with the increase in the Gr content up to 400 mg/L.
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    Multidimensional outline of experimental techniques for human skin tribology: a scoping review
    (Sage, 2023-11) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Shrivastava, Sharad
    Human skin tribology involves the study of friction behaviour of skin, with other materials in contact. Numerous studies have been conducted based both on the simulations and experimentations for the tribological investigations. Present study reports key experimental findings post year 2000 in which human skin (in vivo) is taken as test specimen. This review study highlights the latest technologies and trends that is in practice for tribological investigations on the human skin. For the selection of articles, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique is adapted. Articles were screened out using various inclusion and exclusion criteria. Classifications were made based on the site of investigations viz. fingertip (22%), finger pad (36%), volar forearm (32%), and other regions (10%) as the anatomical regions. Study concludes that the maximum investigations have been performed on fabric/ textile followed by polymers, metals, plastics, and many others. Shearing has come up as the prominent factor for the erosion of soft surfaces. Study concludes the stick- slip friction to be the foremost contributor to the adhesion friction.
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    Remarkable tribo-mechanical, anticorrosion and antibacterial properties of ZnCu/GNPs composite coatings prepared by electro-co-deposition technique
    (Elsevier, 2024-06) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Belgamwar, Sachin U.
    Herein, we report the fabrication of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced zinc-copper (ZnCu) matrix composite coatings on a stainless-steel substrate using electro-co-deposition technique. The influence of varying concentrations of GNPs in the acidic electrolyte bath on the microstructure, chemical composition, phase structure, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity of ZnCu/GNPs composite coating was investigated. The microhardness of the ZnCu/GNPs composite coating with a GNPs concentration of 100 mg/L is compared with pure ZnCu coating, which has a 90 % significant enhancement, while (50 mg/L) has 86 %, and (25 mg/L) has 50 %. Also, ZnCu/GNPs composite coating showed a wear loss of 10 mg for 100 mg/L GNPs sample with an increase in microhardness. The bacterial resistance assays were conducted against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results reveal a notable improvement in the anti-bacterial activity of the ZnCu/GNPs composite coating. The corrosion rate of the ZnCu/GNPs composite coating in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution steadily decreased when the concentration of GNPs in the electrolyte bath was increased to 100 mg/L. These findings hold great potential for various applications, including healthcare settings where preventing healthcare-associated infections is critical, public infrastructure to prolong the lifespan of structures, and marine coatings to protect against corrosion in harsh marine environments.
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    Preparation of novel Zn/Gr MMC using a modified electro-co-deposition method: Microstructural and tribo-mechanical properties
    (Elsevier, 2021) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Belgamwar, Sachin U.
    Zinc is a well-suited low-cost and widely alloyed metal used in several metal matrix composites (MMCs) due to its easy availability, low melting point, excellent thermal and electrical properties. However, Zn metal alone is a low strength material which restricts its applications mostly for alloying purpose. Inclusion of graphene nano-reinforcements in Zn metal matrix could result in high strength and cost-effective nanocomposite material. In this paper, impermeable graphene nano-reinforcements are encapsulated in Zn metal matrix using a modified electro-co-deposition method followed by powder metallurgy. The uniform distribution of nano-reinforcement of graphene layers across the Zn metal matrix was achieved. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized and tested to evaluate the microstructural, morphological and tribo-mechanical properties. The graphene content in Zn matrix decreased the crystallite size and imparted the advantageous grain strengthening effect. The graphene reinforced Zn MMC sample showed a significant enhancement in the mechanical and tribological properties than that of pure Zn sample.
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    Investigations on a tapered flagellated nanoswimmer propelling through a helical wave
    (IEEE, 2015) Rathore, Jitendra S.
    Flagellar propulsion, observed extensively in nature has been proposed as a means of propelling nanoswimmers. The flagellum propels either through a planar wave or through a helical wave. In the present work, an elastohydrodynamic model of a tapered flagellum propelling through a helical wave with a modified resistive force theory is used to study the propulsive dynamics of a tapered flagellum. A tapered flagellum facilitates higher velocity and efficiency as compared to a uniform diameter flagellum. The optimal size, shape parameters and material for design have been investigated for the fastest and the most efficient nanoswimmer and simulations have been carried out for the prospective biocompatible materials for designing and realization of nanoswimmers.
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    Nanoswimmer Energy Transduction System: Influence of Branching
    (Springer, 2018-10) Rathore, Jitendra S.
    Nanoswimmers are of interest among researchers for their utility in propelling nanorobots to specific target for drug delivery, nanosurgery, in vivo biomedical applications such as in treatment of brain tumor and Alzheimer’s disease and similar applications. On-board powering is the major concern for locomotion of nanoswimmer and is being considered to be addressed by energy transduction mechanism to harness energy from surrounding using energy of stochastic vibrations by electrostatic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric means. Among all, piezoelectric is emerging as a promising conversion transduction mechanism of energy harnessing for artificial nanoswimmer. In this context, in present work, an elastic flagellum of a nanoswimmer is modeled as a cantilever beam and a simulation study is done in COMSOL. The novel design of branched flagellum is conceived, modeled, and simulated. COMSOL simulation studies have been performed to compare the effect of primary and secondary branching in flagellum design in terms of stress and electric potential. Enhancement in stress and electric potential is observed approximately 20 and 15% on increasing secondary branching uniformly on the main structure of cantilever beam towards free end and keeping primary branches constant. An enhanced stress allows for larger efficiency of conversion mechanism and, therefore, it is concluded that branching of flagellum can be pivotal in increasing on-board harnessing of energy for propulsion of nanorobots.
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    An evaluation of tactile frictional behavior of the wooden material
    (IOP, 2019) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Shrivastava, Sharad
    Skin tribology and contact mechanics have emerged as a recent topic of research, intended to unveil the behavior of human skin. There have been variegated efforts to calculate the coefficient of friction with respect to various parameters such as sliding speed, normal load, and surface roughness. Wood and other timber products have their importance considering the ergonomically designs that have gained importance nowadays. This article shows the relation between normal load, average sliding speed and coefficient of friction (μ) of various types of woods (Rosewood, Sunmica, Teak wood and Pine wood). An experimental investigation is conducted to understand frictional behavior between human skin and different types of woods. Wooden material has been tested with the normal load having the range of 6.5N to 13N. The variation of μ has been remarked as μrosewood>μpine>μteak>μsunmica. Experimental observation shows that the rosewood has the highest COF which suggests its application where grip and strength of high order are required.With decreasing sliding speed, the relation between normal load and μ become more significant.
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    Atomistic modeling and dynamic analysis of boron nitride nanotube in the presence of hexagonal defect
    (Elsevier, 2020) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Srivastava, Sharad
    The feasibility of defective Single-Walled Boron Nitride Nanotube (SW-BNNT) has been explored in the present paper employing finite element based three-dimensional atomistic modeling approach. The effect of missing of three conjugate Bsingle bondN pairs in SW-BNNT resulting in formation of hexagonal defect in SW-BNNT on resonance frequency has been analyzed in the present paper. Two different types of SW-BNNT i.e., armchair (5, 5) and Zigzag (5, 0) BNNT of 5 nm length have been analyzed for cantilever and bridged configuration. Further, present work explores the effect of position of defect on resonance frequency in SW-BNNT. The simulation results revels that resonance frequency decreases due to presence of defect and this reduction in frequency increases if the position of defect moves towards free end in the case of cantilever configuration. On the contrary for bridge configuration the resonance frequency decreases continuously if position of defect moves from fixed end to midpoint. Thus it can be concluded that due to presence of defect in nanotube, the resonance frequency decreases and suggests that stiffness is more dominating than mass of nanotube.
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    Hybrid approach for dynamic analysis of single-walled Boron Nitride Nanotube (SW-BNNT) in presence of vacancy defect
    (Elsevier, 2021) Srivastava, Sharad; Rathore, Jitendra S.
    The appropriateness of single walled Boron Nitride Nanotube for recognition of mass as little as of the request for femtogram level (10–18 fg) in nearness of centre found point defect has been investigated through current paper using 3-dimensional atomistic structure approach based on finite element method. The impact of shifting mass in nearness of defect on frequency for armchair (5,5) Boron Nitride Nanotube has been analysed for bridge setup. Considering FEM approach the mass affectability for bridge design is seen as higher when contrasted with cantilever one. The experimental results delight that shorter length of BNNT with bridge arrangement is appropriate for detecting mass as little as of the request for femtogram level when mass is available on focus.
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    Efficacy of ANN and ANFIS as an AI Technique for the Prediction of COF at Finger Pad Interface in Manipulative Tasks
    (Springer, 2023-03) Rathore, Jitendra S.; Srivastava, Sharad
    Current work intends to compare the modelling ability of two popular artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, namely artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Outcome of study is useful in prediction and further optimization of the coefficient of friction in the design of assistive devices for an ergonomics and comfort of the user. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi L16 design of experiments (DOE). Total of 16 experimental runs were conducted. Two extrinsic factors normal load (2, 4,6, & 8 N) and sliding velocity (4, 6, 8 & 10 cm/s) that affect the finger pad friction are taken as input variables, while coefficient of friction (COF) between finger pad and the stainless steel (SS) probe is the output variable. ANN with 2 inputs, 10 hidden, and 1 output layer is trained by three algorithms, viz. Levenberg–Marquardt (R2 = 0.96), Bayesian Regularization (R2 = 0.93), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (R2 = 0.98) based on the correlation coefficient. Although, both the techniques highlight significant predictability and accuracy, ANFIS results shows overfitting of the data. Hence, ANN technique is relatively better than ANFIS.